<p>Shiv Nadar University is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, research-focused, and student-centric University offering a full range of academic programs at the undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral level. With state-of-the-art infrastructure, the University comprises of academic wings, sophisticated labs, international standard sports facilities, amphitheaters, auditorium, conference rooms and smart classrooms. The University&rsquo;s goal is to become internationally recognized for the quality of its research and creative endeavors and their applicability to improving quality of life, generating new insights and expanding the boundaries of human knowledge creativity. Committed to excellence in teaching, research and service, the University aims to serve the higher education needs of India and the world beyond.</p>

Shiv Nadar University

(SoNS) School of Natural Sciences

C-glycosides are important class of molecules exhibit diverse biological activities and present as structural motif in many natural products. Two series of new pyrazoline and isoxazole bridged indole C-glycoside molecular hybrids (n = 36) were efficiently synthesized starting from diverse indole 3-carboxaldehydes derived α, β-unsaturated ketone derivatives of β-D-glucosyl-propan-2-one, β-D-galactosyl-propan-2-one and β-D-mannosyl-propan-2-one, reacting with hydrazine hydrate and hydroxyl amine hydrochloride in shorter reaction time (15 min) under microwave assisted condition. Anticancer activity of these newly synthesized pyrazoline and isoxazole bridged indoles C-glycoside hybrids were determined in details through cellular assays against MCF-7, MDA-MB-453 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. The selected library members displayed low micromolar (IC50 = 0.67–4.67 µM) and selective toxicity against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Whereas these compounds were nontoxic towards normal cell line (MCF-10A). Mechanistic studies showed that, active compounds inhibit COX-2 enzyme, which was also supported by molecular docking studies. These findings are expected to provide new leads towards anticancer drug discovery. © 2020, The Author(s).

Life Sciences

Fulltext

Scientific Reports

Design and efficient synthesis of pyrazoline and isoxazole bridged indole C-glycoside hybrids as potential anticancer agents

In eukaryotes, Hsp110s are unambiguous cognates of the Hsp70 chaperones, in primary sequence, domain organization, and structure. Hsp110s function as nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs) for the Hsp70s although their apparent loss of Hsp70-like chaperone activity, nature of interdomain communication, and breadth of domain functions are still puzzling. Here, by combining single-molecule FRET, small angle X-ray scattering measurements (SAXS), and MD simulation, we show that yeast Hsp110, Sse1 lacks canonical Hsp70-like interdomain allostery. However, the protein exhibits unique noncanonical conformational changes within its domains. Sse1 maintains an open-lid substrate-binding domain (SBD) in close contact with its nucleotide-binding domain (NBD), irrespective of its ATP hydrolysis status. To further appreciate such ATP-hydrolysis-independent exhaustive interaction between two domains of Hsp110s, NBD-SBD chimera was constructed between Hsp110 (Sse1) and Hsp70 (Ssa1). In Sse1/Ssa1 chimera, we observed undocking of two domains leading to complete loss of NEF activity of Sse1. Interestingly, chimeric proteins exhibited significantly enhanced ATPase rate of Sse1-NBD compared to wild-type protein, implying that intrinsic ATPase activity of the protein remains mostly repressed. Apart from repressing the high ATPase activity of its NBD, interactions between two domains confer thermal stability to Sse1 and play critical role in the (co)chaperoning function of Sse1 in Ssa1-mediated disaggregation activity. Altogether, Sse1 exhibits a unique interdomain interaction, which is essential for its NEF activity, suppression of high intrinsic ATPase activity, co-chaperoning activity in disaggregase machinery, and stability of the protein. © 2019 Federation of European Biochemical Societies

World University root node

FEBS Journal

Interdomain communication suppressing high intrinsic ATPase activity of Sse1 is essential for its co-disaggregase activity with Ssa1

Among the different secondary structures that DNA can adopt, G-quadruplex is a noncanonical form that has recently started to garner attention about the possible layers of regulation they could introduce in cellular processes. Here, we outline how the presence of G-quadruplexes can be probed in legumes and other plant genomes. This chapter describes various in silico approaches that can be utilized to identify putative G-quadruplex forming sequences (GQSes) and validate their formation through in vitro experimental approaches. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020.

Methods in Molecular Biology

Methods for identification and validation of G-quadruplex sequences in legumes

Savonius wind turbines are special class of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs). These are low-cost drag-driven turbines and are known to be inefficient. It is proposed in this study that a simple modification to the turbine blade design can yield a significant improvement in power efficiency. The performance of the new design is extensively studied on OPENFOAMv1812, a popular open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) library. The flow equations coupled with equations of rotation of the turbine are solved on an overset mesh framework. This study also serves as a validation of recently released overset support in OPENFOAM. The turbulence is incorporated by coupling Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) with shear stress transport (SST) κ-ω eddy viscosity turbulence model. The turbulence parameters are set to produce a flow with the Reynolds number, Re=4.8 × 105. To have better confidence in simulations, this study also presents a comparison of numerical flow over conventional Savonius turbine designs with the published data. It is observed that a majority of CFD analysis on wind turbine designs are performed for the fixed tip speed ratio on a traditional static mesh structure. But, in this CFD study, a winddriven rotation of Savonius turbine is simulated on an overset dynamics approach. The results of the study are compared and discussed based on the predicted moment and power coefficients, pressure variation on the blades, flow velocity field, and wake analysis. The study indicates that the blade design presented here has a potential to increase the power efficiency of a Savonius wind turbine by 10-28\%. © 2020 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). All rights reserved.

Mathematics

Mechanical Engineering

(SoE) School of Engineering

Journal of Energy Resources Technology, Transactions of the ASME

Improvement in savonius wind turbines efficiency by modification of blade designs - A numerical study

This work demonstrates the applicability of red-mud-reduced graphene oxide (RM-rGO) nanocomposites (NCs) for the reliable and selective electrochemical (EC) detection of arsenic. The new NC material shows excellent anti-interference activity toward arsenic (As3+) ions with the cooccurrence of other common cations (Cd2+, Cr2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+). Especially, the NC is exceptionally selective for As3+ ions in the presence of Cu2+ ions, which is stated to be the main interfering agent in the EC detection of As3+. Under optimal experimental conditions, the new NC displays a high sensitivity (2.49 μA ppb-1) as well as a very low detection limit (0.07 ppb) toward As3+ detection. This excellent EC performance of the composite is accounted for by the high adsorption proficiency of hematite (Fe2O3)-phase-rich red mud nanoparticles and enhanced electron-transfer kinetics due to the presence of rGO. © 2020 American Chemical Society.

Physics

ACS Applied Nano Materials

Red Mud-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for the Electrochemical Sensing of Arsenic

In this article, we consider the polynomials of the form f(x) = a0+ a1x + a2X2+ ... + anxn∈ Z[x], where |a0| = |a1| + ... + |a0| and |ao| is a prime. We show that these polynomials have a cyclotomic factor whenever reducible. As a consequence, we give a simple procedure for checking the irreducibility of trinomials of this form and separability criterion for certain quadrinomials. © 2020 Societatea de Stiinte Matematice din Romania. All rights reserved.

Bulletin Mathematique de la Societe des Sciences Mathematiques de Roumanie

An irreducibility criterion for polynomials over integers

Background: There is scarce evidence that tuberculosis (TB) can cause diabetes in those not previously known to be diabetic. Whilst the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends screening for Diabetes Mellitus (DM) at the onset of TB treatment, nevertheless, it remains to be elucidated which patients with TB-associated hyperglycemia are at higher risk for developing DM and stand to benefit from a more regular follow-up. This review aims to firstly quantify the reduction of newly detected hyperglycemia burden in TB patients who are on treatment over time; secondly, determine the burden of TB-associated hyperglycemia after follow-up, and thirdly, synthesize literature on risk factors for unresolved TB-associated hyperglycemia in previously undiagnosed individuals. Methods: We searched PUBMED, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Global Health for articles on TB-associated hyperglycemia up to September 30th, 2019. Search terms included Tuberculosis and hyperglycemia/DM, and insulin resistance. We appraised studies, extracted data, and conducted a meta-analysis to assess the change of the burden of hyperglycemia in prospective studies. The review is registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42019118173). Results: Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis yielding a total of 677 (27,3\%) of patients with newly detected hyperglycemia at baseline. The mean quality score of eligible studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was 7.1 out of 9 (range 6-9). The pooled unresolved new cases of hyperglycemia at the end of follow up was 50\% (95\% CI: 36–64\%) and the total pooled burden of hyperglycemia at 3–6 months of follow up was 11\% (95\% CI: 7–16\%), with both estimates displaying a high heterogeneity, which remained significant after performing a sub-analysis by DM diagnostic method and 3 months of follow up. As only 2 studies explored risk factors for unresolved hyperglycemia, no meta-analysis was performed on risk factors. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis showed that although in half of the patients with newly observed hyperglycemia at baseline, it remained unresolved at a follow-up of 3 to 6 months, the total burden of hyperglycemia is slightly above 10\%, 3 months after initiating TB treatment. Studies are warranted to assess whether risk factors including HIV positivity, smoking, and extensive pulmonary TB disease put patients at higher risk for DM. © 2020, The Author(s).

BMC Infectious Diseases

The epidemiology of tuberculosis-associated hyperglycemia in individuals newly screened for type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis

We compute an s-channel 2 → 2 scalar scattering φφ → Φ → φφ in the Gaussian wave-packet formalism at the tree level. We find that wave-packet effects, including shifts of the pole and the width of the propagator of Φ, persist even when we do not take into account the time boundary effect for 2 → 2 proposed earlier. An interpretation of the result is that a heavy scalar 1 → 2 decay Φ → φφ, taking into account the production of Φ, does not exhibit the in-state time boundary effect unless we further take into account in-boundary effects for the 2 → 2 scattering. We also show various plane-wave limits. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Physical Society of Japan.

Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

Scalar scattering amplitude in the Gaussian wave-packet formalism

Halide perovskite (HP) materials are actively researched for resistive switching (RS) memory devices due to their current-voltage hysteresis along with low-temperature processability, superior charge mobility, and simple fabrication. In this study, all-inorganic RbPbI3 perovskite has been doped with Cl in the halide site and incorporated as a switching media in the Ag/RbPbI3-xClx/ITO structure, since pure RbPbI3 is nonswitchable. Five compositions of the RbPbI3-xClx (x = 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2) films are fabricated, and the conductivity was found to be increasing upon increase in Cl concentration, as revealed by dielectric and I-V measurements. The device with a 20\% chloride-substituted film exhibits a higher on/off ratio, extended endurance, long retention, and high-density storage ability. Finally, a plausible explanation of the switching mechanism from iodine vacancy-mediated growth of conducting filaments (CFs) is provided using conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM). The c-AFM measurements reveal that pure RbPbI3 is insulating in nature, whereas Cl-doped films demonstrate resistive switching behavior. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.

ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces

Induced Vacancy-Assisted Filamentary Resistive Switching Device Based on RbPbI3- xClxPerovskite for RRAM Application

Ionic liquids (ILs) have recently become very popular molecules because of their fascinating properties, which can be exploited in industrial and biomedical applications. There are several recent reports which suggest strong interaction of these molecules with bio-membrane. This interaction, which leads to complete disruption of the cell membrane leading to cell death, can be very useful in designing anti-microbial agents. Here, we have studied the effect of an ionic liquid tetrabutylammonium methanesulfonate (TAM) on a model cellular membrane composed of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) lipids. While differential scanning calorimetry study indicates a fluidity effect, the x-ray reflectivity measurements exhibit the formation of a new phase in the membrane. © 2020 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.