<p>Shiv Nadar University is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, research-focused, and student-centric University offering a full range of academic programs at the undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral level. With state-of-the-art infrastructure, the University comprises of academic wings, sophisticated labs, international standard sports facilities, amphitheaters, auditorium, conference rooms and smart classrooms. The University&rsquo;s goal is to become internationally recognized for the quality of its research and creative endeavors and their applicability to improving quality of life, generating new insights and expanding the boundaries of human knowledge creativity. Committed to excellence in teaching, research and service, the University aims to serve the higher education needs of India and the world beyond.</p>

Shiv Nadar University

(SoNS) School of Natural Sciences

The domesticated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh) is one of the most widely cultivated fruit crop of the temperate world. Large number of commercial cultivars and varieties are available which need an accurate characterization to be used in the breeding programmes. Keeping this thing in mind, the genetic diversity among 46 genotypes was investigated using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 130 amplification products were detected with 21 ISSR primers of which 130 (100%) were reported to be polymorphic. Primers based on (AC)n and (AG)n repeats produced more polymorphic bands. The number of bands generated by 21 ISSR primers ranged from 4(UBC 840) to 10 (ISSR 3) with a mean of 6.19 bands per primer. The band size ranged from 300-1700bp. The Jaccard's similarity coefficient ranged from 0.435 to 0.822 suggesting that the 46 genotypes used in the study were highly divergent. Cluster analysis based on the UPGMA method and bootstrap analysis separated all the genotypes into three major clusters. Maximum Resolving Power (Rp) was computed to be 5.696 (ISSR 3) while the minimum was 1.174 (UBC 850). The highest Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) was recorded to be 3.946 (ISSR 3) while the lowest was 1.700 (UBC 850). The overall Heterozygosity Averages (H av) values of primers were 0.068 and 0.717 respectively for ISSR and UBC series. The present study has successfully distinguished morphologically similar genotypes that emphasize the use of molecular markers to the taxonomists.

World University root node

Life Sciences

Indian Journal of Horticulture

Genetic diversity analysis of indigenous and exotic apple genotypes using inter simple sequence repeat markers

Several 2-aryloxymethyl-5-aryl-6-thioxo-[1,2,4]-triazolo [3,2-b] [1,3,4] thiadiazoles III have been synthesized from 2-amino-5-aryloxymethyl-[1,3,4] thiadiazoles I. The molluscicidal activity of few titled compounds has been evaluated against the snail Lymnaea acuminata. The LC50 slope, t-ratio heterogeneity and g-values have been determined and discussed.

Indian Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry

Synthesis and molluscicidal activity of 2-aryloxymethyl-5-aryl-6-thioxo-[1, 2,4]-triazolo-[3,2-b] [1,3,4] thiadiazoles

Heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70) represent a ubiquitous and conserved family of molecular chaperones involved in a plethora of cellular processes. The dynamics of their ATP hydrolysis-driven and cochaperone-regulated conformational cycle are poorly understood. We used fluorescence spectroscopy to analyze, in real time and at single-molecule resolution, the effects of nucleotides and cochaperones on the conformation of Ssc1, a mitochondrial member of the family. We report that the conformation of its ADP state is unexpectedly heterogeneous, in contrast to a uniform ATP state. Substrates are actively involved in determining the conformation of Ssc1. The J protein Mdj1 does not interact transiently with the chaperone, as generally believed, but rather is released slowly upon ATP hydrolysis. Analysis of the major bacterial Hsp70 revealed important differences between highly homologous members of the family, possibly explaining tuning of Hsp70 chaperones to meet specific functions in different organisms and cellular compartments. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Fulltext

Molecular Cell

The Conformational Dynamics of the Mitochondrial Hsp70 Chaperone

With the emerging interest in optical in vivo imaging, there is an increasing demand of photostable near-infrared (NIR) dyes. Herein we report the rational design of an amine tricarbocyanine structure with improved photostability (CyNA) and its combinatorial derivatization to render CyNA-414 as a NIR-fluorescent dye with stronger emission intensity and higher photostability than the NIR standard IndoCyanine Green (ICG). © 2010 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Chemistry

Chemical Communications

Development of photostable near-infrared cyanine dyes

Treatment of pink titanium(iii) triflate (0.045 M) with HF in triflic acid (CH3SO3H) converts Ti(iii) rapidly to a 1:1 mixture of TiIV and green TiII: (2 TiIII + 4 HF → TiF4 + TiII + 4 H+). This disproportionation is half complete when [HF] added is 0.027 M. Substituted 1,4-benzoquinones are reduced rapidly by Ti(iii) in the absence of fluoride, yielding straightforward logarithmic curves, but reactions of the same quinones with Ti(ii) in fluoride media exhibit more complex profiles, the major portions of which are zero order in oxidant. These reactions are strongly catalyzed by added Ti(iv). Analyses of complex curves are consistent with a reaction sequence initiated by Ti(ii)-Ti(iv) disproportionation, forming Ti(iii), which reacts with the quinone, yielding the quinhydrone, QH. The latter is rapidly reduced by Ti(ii). Values of rate constants obtained from these analyses are in agreement with those for reductions of quinones by Ti(iii), in the absence of fluoride. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2010.

Dalton Transactions

Hypovalent titanium and Ti(II)-Ti(III) interconversions

Surface erosion of a strained Si0.8 Ge0.2 epilayer by 500 eV Ar+ ions with a fluence of 4×1017 ions/cm2 and the transformation from crystalline ripples to elongated Ge islands are reported by aligning the beam from 69° to 50° from the surface normal. Crystalline nature and the near surface Ge enrichment in such ripple structures are revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, ion beam induced decomposition of the SiGe network and the appearance of dislocation bands by suppressing the near-bandgap emission are manifested by μ -Raman and photoluminescence studies, respectively. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.

Physics

Journal of Applied Physics

Crystalline ripples at the surface of ion eroded strained Si0.8 Ge0.2 epilayers

We address the challenging issue of how CP violation is realized in higher dimensional gauge theories without higher dimensional elementary scalar fields. In such theories interactions are basically governed by a gauge principle and therefore to get CP violating phases is a nontrivial task. It is demonstrated that CP violation is achieved as the result of compactification of extra dimensions, which is incompatible with the 4-dimensional CP transformation. As a simple example we adopt a 6-dimensional U(1) model compactified on a 2-dimensional orbifold T2/Z4. We argue that the 4-dimensional CP transformation is related to the complex structure of the extra space and show how the Z4 orbifolding leads to CP violation. We confirm by explicit calculation of the interaction vertices that CP violating phases remain even after the rephasing of relevant fields. For completeness, we derive a rephasing invariant CP violating quantity, following a similar argument in the Kobayashi-Maskawa model which led to the Jarlskog parameter. As an example of a CP violating observable we briefly comment on the electric dipole moment of the electron. © 2010 The American Physical Society.

Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology

CP violation due to compactification

On the basis of various examples we provide evidence that noncommutative spacetime involving position-dependent structure constants will give rise to deformed oscillator algebras. In turn, starting from some q-deformations of these algebras in a two-dimensional space for which the entire deformed Fock space can be constructed explicitly, we derive the commutation relations for the dynamical variables in noncommutative spacetime. We compute minimal areas resulting from these relations, i.e. finitely extended regions for which it is impossible to resolve any substructure in form of measurable knowledge. The size of the regions we find is determined by the noncommutative constant and the deformation parameter q. Any object in this type of spacetime structure has to be of membrane type or in certain limits of string type. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical

Minimal areas from q-deformed oscillator algebras

We consider the conductance distributions in chaotic mesoscopic cavities for all three invariant classes of random matrices for the arbitrary number of channels N1, N2 in the connecting leads. We show that the Laplace transforms of the distributions can be expressed in terms of determinants in the unitary case and Pfaffians in the orthogonal and symplectic cases. The inverse Laplace transforms then give the exact distributions. This formalism is particularly useful for small values of N = min (N1, N2), and thus is of direct experimental relevance. We also obtain the conductance distributions for orthogonal-unitary and symplectic-unitary crossover ensembles. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Conductance distributions in chaotic mesoscopic cavities

We study the transition in conductance properties of chaotic mesoscopic cavities as time-reversal symmetry is broken. We consider the Brownian motion model for transmission eigenvalues for both types of transitions, namely, orthogonal-unitary and symplectic-unitary crossovers depending on the presence or absence of spin-rotation symmetry of the electron. In both cases the crossover is governed by a Brownian motion parameter τ, which measures the extent of time-reversal symmetry breaking. It is shown that the results obtained correspond to the Jacobi crossover ensembles of random matrices. We derive the level density and the correlation functions of higher orders for the transmission eigenvalues. We also obtain the exact expressions for the average conductance, average shot-noise power and variance of conductance, as functions of τ, for the arbitrary number of modes (channels) in the two leads connected to the cavity. Moreover, we give the asymptotic result for the variance of shot-noise power for both the crossovers, the exact results being too long. In the τ → 0 and τ → ∞ limits, the known results for the orthogonal (or symplectic) and unitary ensembles are reproduced. In the weak time-reversal symmetry breaking regime, our results are shown to be in agreement with the semiclassical predictions. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd.