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Shiv Nadar University

(SoNS) School of Natural Sciences

We report hole and electron doping in Y0.38La 0.62(Ba2-xLax)Cu3Oy thin films synthesized by the pulsed laser deposition technique and subsequently annealed in oxygen ambient or in a vacuum. X-ray diffraction studies suggested a single phase in p-type thin films and transport measurements showed a superconductor-to-insulator transition at x = 0.46. Hall measurements indicated electrons were successfully doped when the thin films were annealed in vacuum. The n-type samples demonstrated metallic behaviour within moderate temperature ranges, and a low in-plane resistivity (ρab) and a high carrier density for 0.32 ≤ x ≤ 0.46. The increase in ρab for higher La doping levels, probably caused by charge compensation, is also discussed. The present result could be a significant step in searching for electron-doped superconductivity in the YBa2Cu3Oy system. © 2012 IOP Publishing Ltd.

World University root node

Physics

Superconductor Science and Technology

The influence of la substitution and oxygen reduction in ambipolar La-doped YBa2Cu3Oy thin films

The transcriptome of cultivated chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), an important crop legume, has recently been sequenced. Here, we report sequencing of the transcriptome of wild chickpea, C. reticulatum (PI489777), the progenitor of cultivated chickpea, by GS-FLX 454 technology. The optimized assembly of C. reticulatum transcriptome generated 37265 transcripts in total with an average length of 946bp. A total of 4072 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) could be identified in these transcript sequences, of which at least 561 SSRs were polymorphic between C. arietinum and C. reticulatum. In addition, a total of 36446 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified after optimization of probability score, quality score, read depth and consensus base ratio. Several of these SSRs and SNPs could be associated with tissue-specific and transcription factor encoding transcripts. A high proportion (92-94%) of polymorphic SSRs and SNPs identified between the two chickpea species were validated successfully. Further, the estimation of synonymous substitution rates of orthologous transcript pairs suggested that the speciation event for divergence of C. arietinum and C. reticulatum may have happened approximately 0.53million years ago. The results of our study provide a rich resource for exploiting genetic variations in chickpea for breeding programmes. © 2012 The Authors. Plant Biotechnology Journal © 2012 Society for Experimental Biology, Association of Applied Biologists and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Life Sciences

Plant Biotechnology Journal

Transcriptome sequencing of wild chickpea as a rich resource for marker development

In the presence of tert-butyl iodide, alkyl azides are converted into the corresponding iodides at room temperature, whereas, N-t-Bu anilines are obtained from aryl azides under the same experimental conditions. A mechanism is proposed to explain this unusual reactivity. {\textcopyright} 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chemistry

Tetrahedron

Unexpected conversion of alkyl azides to alkyl iodides and of aryl azides to N-tert-butyl anilines

Electrostatic self-assembly of colloidal and nanoparticles has attracted a lot of attention in recent years, since it offers the possibility of producing novel crystalline structures that have the potential to be used as advanced materials for photonic and other applications. The stoichiometry of these crystals is not constrained by charge neutrality of the two types of particles due to the presence of counterions, and hence a variety of three-dimensional structures have been observed depending on the relative sizes of the particles and their charge. Here we report structural polymorphism of two-dimensional crystals of oppositely charged linear macroions, namely DNA and self-assembled cylindrical micelles of cationic amphiphiles. Our system differs from those studied earlier in terms of the presence of a strongly binding counterion that competes with DNA to bind to the micelle. The presence of these counterions leads to novel structures of these crystals, such as a square lattice and a √3 x √3 superlattice of an underlying hexagonal lattice, determined from a detailed analysis of the small-angle diffraction data. These lower-dimensional equilibrium systems can play an important role in developing a deeper theoretical understanding of the stability of crystals of oppositely charged particles. Further, it should be possible to use the same design principles to fabricate structures on a longer length-scale by an appropriate choice of the two macroions.

Fulltext

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Tuning DNA-amphiphile condensate architecture with strongly binding counterions

An [FeIII(biuret-amide)] complex has been immobilized onto mesoporous silica nanoparticles via Cu(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne click chemistry. This hybrid material functions as an efficient peroxidase mimic and was successfully used for the quantitative determination of hydrogen peroxide and glucose via a one-pot colorimetric assay. © 2012 Royal Society of Chemistry.

Chemical Communications

One pot glucose detection by [FeIII(biuret-amide)] immobilized on mesoporous silica nanoparticles: An efficient HRP mimic

American Journal of Physics

Erratum: “An elementary exposition of the Efimov effect” [Am. J. Phys. 79, 274–281 (2011)]

Regular and chaotic oscillations in a modified discrete two dimensional coupled predator-prey model, proposed recently, is re-investigated by observing the bifurcation diagram, calculating Lyapunov exponents and correlation dimensions for various orbits. The map evolves from one cycle to three cycles followed by period doubling and then to a chaotic regime and show bistability as its parameter λ varies, 0 < ≤ 1.211. Initial population size of the species and the value their coupling coefficients play crucial role for subsequent evolutionary phenomena of the system. Regular and chaotic evolutions depend completely on the coefficient ,λ, and on the initial prey and predator population. Lyapunov exponents and correlation dimensions provide true measure of chaos and also, to identify the chaotic orbits. Some recently discovered indicators, FLI, SALI and DLI have also been used to understand the nature of orbits.Mathematical analysis have been carried out to find stable and unstable fixed points and to obtain numerical value of the parameter λ for sensitive state of the system to initial conditions i.e. emergence of chaos. Bistability condition have been discussed for variation of λ values. Graphical representation of Lyapunov exponents and correlation dimensions provide better understanding of the nature of orbits which are further justified by the use of FLI, SALI and DLI.

Institute for Innovations & Inventions with Mathematics and IT

Mathematics

Applied Mathematical Sciences

Chaotic evaluations in a modified coupledLogistic type predator-prey model

As printed and flexible plastic electronic gadgets become increasingly viable today, there is a need to develop materials that suit the fabrication processes involved. Two desirable requirements are solution-processable active materials or precursors and low-temperature processability. In this article, we describe a straightforward method of depositing ZnO films by simple spin coating of an organometallic diethylzinc precursor solution and annealing the resulting film at low temperatures (≤200 °C) without involving any synthetic steps. By controlling the humidity in which annealing is conducted, we are able to adjust the intrinsic doping level and carrier concentration in diethylzinc-derived ZnO. Doped or conducting transport layers are greatly preferable to undoped layers as they enable low-resistance contacts and minimize the potential drops. This ability to controllably realize doped ZnO is a key feature of the fabrication process that we describe in this article. We employ field-effect measurements as a diagnostic tool to measure doping levels and mobilities in ZnO and demonstrate that doped ZnO with high charge carrier concentration is ideal for solar cell applications. Respectable power conversion efficiencies (up to 4.5\%) are achieved in inverted solar cells that incorporate diethylzinc-derived ZnO films as the electron transport layer and organic blends as the active material. Extensions of this approach to grow ternary and quaternary films with organometallic precursor chemicals will enable solution based growth of a number of semiconductor films as well as a method to dope them. © 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Journal of Materials Chemistry

ZnO layers for opto-electronic applications from solution-based and low-temperature processing of an organometallic precursor

A Matter of Density: Exploring the Electron Density Concept in the Chemical, Biological, and Materials Sciences

Introduction of Probability Concepts in Physics-The Path to Statistical Mechanics

A real time contamination of the Ru surface and corresponding effect on its work function were studied using extreme ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy with a 13.5-nm wavelength of light. The change in work function indicates formation of molecular dipoles, oriented outward from the Ru surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations suggest variation in electromagnetic interaction with the components of the adsorbed foreign species when the emission angle from the target surface was changed from 0° to 50°; H 2O and C-O n show a strong coupling at lower angles and OH dominates at higher angles, whereas carbon is found in the mid-range peaking at 30°. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.