Electrical Engineering

Shiv Nadar University is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, research-focused, and student-centric University offering a full range of academic programs at the undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral level. With state-of-the-art infrastructure, the University comprises of academic wings, sophisticated labs, international standard sports facilities, amphitheaters, auditorium, conference rooms and smart classrooms. The University&rsquo;s goal is to become internationally recognized for the quality of its research and creative endeavors and their applicability to improving quality of life, generating new insights and expanding the boundaries of human knowledge creativity. Committed to excellence in teaching, research and service, the University aims to serve the higher education needs of India and the world beyond.

Shiv Nadar University

There is significant demand for molecular functional materials with tailored light-emissive and charge transport properties for their utilization in organic optoelectronic devices. Motivated by such promising properties, we present the synthetic design and emissive and semiconducting properties of aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-active columnar discotic liquid crystals based on cyanostilbene-modified benzenetricarboxamide derivatives (1a, 1b, and 1c). Enantiotropic mesomorphic behavior over a wide temperature range, including room temperature, with columnar hexagonal self-assembly was observed for all of the compounds. The space-charge limited current (SCLC) technique revealed the ambipolar charge transport for reported materials with balanced electron and hole transport of the order of 10-3cm2/(V s). On the other hand, all of the compounds 1a-c were tested as emitter materials in solution-processed organic light-emitting devices at different concentrations with several hosts, viz., poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK), 1,3-bis(N-carbazolyl)benzene (mCP), bis[3,5-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]diphenylsilane (SimCP2), and (carbazolyl)-1,10-biphenyl (CBP). The maximum luminance of 1255 cd/m2corresponding to sky-blue emission was observed for compound 1a at 3.0 wt % with the CBP host. © 2022 by the authors.

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(SoE) School of Engineering

ACS Applied Electronic Materials

Electroluminescent Aggregation-Induced Emission-Active Discotic Liquid Crystals Based on Alkoxy Cyanostilbene-Functionalized Benzenetricarboxamide with Ambipolar Charge Transport

This paper deals with the design, simulation and fabrication of two graphene antennas. CPW fed rectangular patch antenna with U-shaped slot and inverted U-shaped slot are named as design-1 and design-2 respectively. The resonance frequency of both antennas is 2.4GHz (sub 6GHz range). The antennas are designed to work within the range available for Wi-Fi use. Polyamide kapton tape of thickness 100μm and relative permittivity of 3.5 is used as a substrate. Graphene is used to make the conducting patch, feed, and grounds of the antenna design. Two antenna designs are compared based on different antenna parameters and the best of the two is studied extensively throughout the paper. © 2022 IEEE.

2022 IEEE Delhi Section Conference, DELCON 2022

Graphene antenna on polyamide for 2.4GHz WLAN applications

This paper describes a novel method to estimate the five parameters (R {s}, I {ph}, I {o1}, I {o2}, and Rsh) of double diode model (DDM) of a photovoltaic (PV) module. For estimations of the parameters I {o1}, I {o2}, and Rsh, three new explicit expressions are derived. The value of parameters R {sh}, I {o1} and Io2 are obtained from the proposed explicit expressions by putting the value of independent parameters Rs and Iph. Further, modified bisection method is utilized to find the error between the estimated maximum power point (MPP) voltage and MPP voltage given by the manufacturer. The root mean square (RMS) error of the estimated parameters using the proposed method is compared with different existing methods. The main contribution of the paper is three accurate explicit expressions of three dependent parameters in terms of two suitable independent parameters for DDM of a PV module. Since this novel method is simple and accurate for parameter estimation of a DDM PV module. Hence, it is useful for the PV professional. © 2022 IEEE.

2022 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation, SeFeT 2022

Parameter Estimation of a DDM PV Module Using a Simplistic Novel Method

This paper presents experimental and simulation results for two different types of static harmonic compensators for removal of current harmonics from 3-phase supply lines. The comparative advantages and disadvantages of both the schemes are discussed. The first scheme uses sinusoidal signal integrators (SSIs) to extract, amplify and correct particular harmonic current errors in supply lines. Multiple SSIs are required for elimination of harmonic current errors of different orders. The SSI based schemes were reported by many researchers in last couple of decades. The second scheme uses a simplified repetitive controller (RC) to simultaneously remove some dominant current harmonic errors from supply current. Both the schemes have been verified experimentally and by simulation. Emphasis of the present work is to compare the two schemes in respect of performance and controller complexity. © 2022 IEEE.

Comparison of Two Current Harmonic Elimination Methods for Improving Supply Side Current Waveforms

Device reliability issues like BTI and HCI degrade the circuit performance over the device lifetime. The current work presents the degradation analysis of Axon Hillock (AH) and Simplified Leaky Integrate & Fire (SLIF) neuron circuits. The AH and SLIF circuits are implemented to generate spike output in two frequency ranges (KHz and MHz). We have analysed the impact of BTI, HCI and their combined effect on the circuit performance. Neuron circuits are characterized for their time-zero and aged performance by using spike frequency and spike output ON and OFF durations. 1000 Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations are performed to analyse the impact of time-zero process variability on the spike frequency. © 2022 IEEE.

2022 IEEE Region 10 Symposium, TENSYMP 2022

Impact of Reliability Issues and Process Variability in Neuromorphic Circuits

Photoconductive Antennas (PCA) are widely used for terahertz (THz) generation and detection. These PCAs build the basis for future 6G communication as they provide a high data rate and broad bandwidth. In this work, interdigitated photoconductive antenna (IPCA) has been designed and optimized for better performance in terms of THz radiation. The proposed IPCA is made of LT-GaAs substrate material deposited on SI-GaAs. Silver material has been assumed for the IPCA electrode structure. Moreover, the dependence of IPCA on the incident laser parameters such as its wavelength (λ&nbsp;=&nbsp;800, 1060, and 1550 nm) and pulse duration (100–500 fs) has been investigated theoretically for different teeth widths (We&nbsp;=&nbsp;500, 100, 50, and 20 nm). The performance of the IPCA with various parameters such as average carrier density, conductance, total photocurrent, THz radiated power, and electric field strength, has been analyzed. The results show maximum THz electric field strength of 20.85 V/m for a photo-generated current of 1.887 A and enormous bandwidth beyond 14.9 THz with 20 nm teeth-width-based IPCA when illuminated with 100 fs 800 nm laser pulses. The proposed IPCA structure provides enhanced THz radiation compared to conventional PCA. This investigation helps the researchers to develop and integrate IPCA for future wireless communications as well as for a variety of applications, such as time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), medical imaging, sensing, and security-related applications.

Microwave and Optical Technology Letters

6G and beyond: Investigation of broadband terahertz interdigitated photoconductive antenna by exploiting laser parameters

Phubbing is defined as ignoring people with whom you have a face-to-face relationship to attend to smartphones. The phenomenon of phubbing particularly affects the teenage and young segments of the population. The main problem lies in the impact it has on individuals’ social relationship. A lack of validated instruments to diagnose this phenomenon has been observed amongst the Spanish-speaking youth. The objective pursued with this research was to analyse the structural validity and reliability of the Spanish scale in a sample of 454 Peruvian university students. A reliability study was carried out following Cronbach and McDonald, complemented with an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results show good reliability and validity values. Finally, some aspects associated with users’ profiles in relation to the scale were discussed too. A need exists to have adapted instruments which permit to measure emerging social threats such as phubbing, so that risk profiles can be identified and for us to be able to act in time. Most of the students surveyed regularly engaged in phubbing, and a significant percentage of them had personal and social problems because of this, including lack of sleep hours or arguments with friends and relatives, to quote but two. &nbsp;

Fulltext

NAER

<a href="https://naerjournal.ua.es/article/view/v10n2-1">Scale for Measuring Phubbing in Peruvian University Students: Adaptation, Validation and Results of Its Application</a>

The paper proposes optimal placement of dispatchable distributed generation units along with solar photovoltaic as distributed generator (DG) and subsequent optimal capacity operation of the dispatchable DG units in presence of solar photovoltaic (SPV) generation, i.e. when SPV generation is available. It is proposed here that these dispatchable DG units when operated at co-ordinated optimal capacity, in presence of SPV generation, result in further loss reduction without an additional DG unit installation The additional loss reduction so obtained results in more loss reduction and subsequent saving in loss cost. In this paper, a methodology is presented for optimal placement of solar photovoltaic distributed generation (SPVDG) in presence of other optimally placed dispatchable DG units with the assumption that the dispatchable DGs units were present in the distribution system before insertion of optimal SPVDG. An effective methodology is presented here for optimal operation of dispatchable DGs in presence of SPV generation. It is proposed and established that DG technologies (which are dispatchable in nature), must be operated at different optimal capacities than their respective installed optimal capacity, for further loss reduction when solar generation is available. This optimal operation defers the additional DG capacity addition for system loss reduction and at the same time provides a reduction in operational cost for certain dispatchable DG types. It is proposed that in presence of SPVDG, other distributed generators must be operated at somewhat reduced optimal capacity, but at their respective optimal location, for hours, when photovoltaic generation is available. This enables a reduction in their operational cost as well. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Energy Systems

Co-ordinated optimal control of distributed generation in primary distribution system in presence of solar PV for loss reduction and voltage profile improvement

A rectangular patch antenna with π shaped slot is proposed as a miniaturized antenna element with a gain of 5.83 dB for WLAN (5.2 GHz) application. This compact π shaped slot antenna is used as a radiating element for the design of a 2 × 1 MIMO system for WLAN application. A near field passive parasitic element is used in the proposed MIMO antenna to improve the isolation. The MIMO system has a surface area of 0.29λ2 with a measured gain of 6 dBi and impedance bandwidth of 110 MHz. The diversity characteristics of MIMO are quantified with envelop correlation coefficient of 0.004, capacity loss of 0.35 bits/s/Hz, mean effective gain ratio (less than 1), mutual coupling around −20 dB, and TARC is −14.5 dB. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation results and validate the proposed design. © 2021 IETE.

IETE Journal of Research

A Pi-Shaped Slot Antenna for 5.2 GHz WLANMIMO Application

Multichromophoric triads 1 and 2 based on aza-BODIPY as the central chromophore and bay-substituted (tetrachloro- and tetraphenoxy-)perylenediimides (PDI) as peripheral chromophores have been designed and synthesized that are panchromatic absorbers and near infrared (NIR) emitters. Both triads 1 and 2 exhibited ∼99% Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the peripheral PDIs to central aza-BODIPY. The excitation energy transfer from PDI to aza-BODIPY was studied via steady state emission, fluorescence quantum yield, time resolved fluorescence emission and theoretical calculations. These studies revealed quantitative singlet excitation energy transfer efficiencies for 1 and 2. Electrochemical studies revealed the strong electron deficient character of these triads and thus electron mobilities of these triads were measured using space charge limited current (SCLC) method. Triads 1 and 2 exhibited appreciable electron mobilities of 2.44 ± 1.70 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 and 4.00 ± 1.50 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1 respectively, an order of magnitude higher mobility than aza-BODIPY based small molecules reported in the literature. Leveraging upon the dual emission behaviour of these triads, ratiometric FRET sensing as well as ratiometric temperature sensing behaviour were investigated via steady state absorption and fluorescence measurements. Triads 1 and 2 showed remarkable ratiometric FRET-off sensing where the addition of metals such as Co2+ and Fe3+ led to near-quantitative FRET off for both the triads. Triads 1 and 2 also serve as efficient ratiometric temperature sensors with positive temperature coefficients and small temperature sensitivities of ∼0.29% °C-1 and ∼0.14% °C-1 respectively that suggest the possibility of precise physiological temperature measurements using these triads. © 2021 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Journal of Materials Chemistry C

Efficient electron transporting and panchromatic absorbing FRET cassettes based on aza-BODIPY and perylenediimide towards multiple metal FRET-Off sensing and ratiometric temperature sensing