Electrical Engineering

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Shiv Nadar University

Monitoring tree cover in an area plays an important role in a wide range of applications and advances in UAV technology has made it feasible to capture high resolution imagery which can be used for this purpose. In this study, we adopt a state of the art object detector Mask Region-based CNN (Mask R-CNN1), through transfer learning, for the task of tree segmentation and counting. One bottleneck for the proposed task is the huge amount of data required if the model is required to be scalable to various different geographical regions. Towards this end, we explore the use of a sampling technique based on Gist descriptors and Gabor filtering in order to minimize the amount of training data required for obtaining excellent model performance across images with varied geographical features. This study was conducted across four regions in India, each having a different geographical landscape. We captured a total of 2357 images across all four regions. The final training dataset comprised of 48 images (sampled using the aforementioned method), representative of the entire dataset. Our method demonstrates high quality and scalable tree detection results. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

(SoE) School of Engineering

Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering

An efficient framework for monitoring tree cover in an area through aerial images

This paper presents the concept of reinforcement learning-based field-oriented control (FOC) of induction motor. Conventional controllers such as PID used for FOC of induction machines are model-based controllers and face the issue of parameter tuning. Periodic retuning of PID controllers is required to take care of model approximations, parameter variations of the system during operation and external disturbances which are random in character, magnitudes, and place of occurrences in the system. Reinforcement learning is a model-free and online learning technique which can take care of parameter variations. These properties make reinforcement learning a potential candidate, to act as an adaptive controller which can replace conventional controllers. In this study, reinforcement learning-based controller has been designed to control the speed of induction machine using filed-oriented control. The controller performance has been verified for various operating conditions by computer simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

Reinforcement learning-based controller for field-oriented control of induction machine

Heterocoronene, a new redox-active core fragment, is utilized for the synthesis of room-temperature columnar discotic liquid crystals (DLCs). Three wedge-shaped side chains having different lengths of alkyl tails are introduced at the periphery of the heterocoronene core to prepare three kinds of discotic molecules, 1 (R = C10H21), 2 (R = C12H25), and 3 (R = C14H29). X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the packing variation in the columnar lattices regulated by alkyl chains of discrete length and steric bulk. When used in space charge limited current devices, compound 1 exhibits a high hole mobility value of 8.84 cm2/V s at ambient temperature, whereas compounds 2 and 3 show efficient ambipolar charge transport behavior with maximum hole (μh) and electron (μe) mobilities of 0.70 and 3.59 cm2/V s, respectively, for compound 3. The mobility values (μh = 8.84 cm2/V s for 1 and μe = 3.59 cm2/V s for 3) are remarkable and the highest ever disclosed for any DLC-based organic semiconductor, promising to deliver a good balance between mobility and processability in devices. The grazing incidence small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering experiments are employed to quantify the extent of alignment in the film state, which correlates with the observed trend of mobility values. © 2019 American Chemical Society.

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Fulltext

Journal of the American Chemical Society

High Hole Mobility and Efficient Ambipolar Charge Transport in Heterocoronene-Based Ordered Columnar Discotics

This paper presents a novel approach for the conversion of an implicit current-voltage (I-V) expression of a double diode model (DDM) photovoltaic (PV) module to an explicit expression of current in terms of voltage. A new method is proposed for the estimation of maximum power point (MPP) of a DDM PV module using the explicit I-V expression of a PV module under uniform irradiance condition. Further, a new mathematical model of a partially shaded PV array is developed using the proposed explicit expression. Since the explicit I-V expression is used for the estimation of MPP of a DDM PV module under uniform and nonuniform irradiance conditions, the estimation of MPP is simple, accurate, and efficient. The accuracy of the explicit expression is verified considering three different PV modules. A comparison of MPP of a DDM PV module extracted using the proposed method with different existing methods under different environmental conditions (DECs) is presented. The results obtained using the proposed method are validated with the experimental results under DEC. Also, the accuracy of the estimated global MPP of a PV array under partial shading conditions is verified. © 1982-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

Estimation of MPP of a Double Diode Model PV Module from Explicit I-V Characteristic

Prominent requirements such as high data rate demands across weaker coverage areas have lead to the utilization of cooperative communication system in fifth generation (5G) networks. In this regard, this paper presents a novel joint transmit power sharing and relay placement scheme for decode-and-forward relay assisted secure communication to a legitimate user in the presence of an untrusted user. Observing that the joint secure rate maximization problem for the trusted user is non-convex, first we present key insights on optimal power sharing between source and relay, and then derive an equivalent single variable problem on relay placement. Next, tight analytical bounds for optimal relay placement are discoursed to ultimately come up with a computationally efficient joint global optimization algorithm. Lastly, the selected numerical results validate the analysis and highlight the substantial gains achieved by the proposed joint design over benchmark scheme. © 2019 IEEE.

2019 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference Workshop, WCNCW 2019

Secrecy-Aware Jointly Optimal Transmit Power Budget Sharing and Trusted DF Relay Placement

This work evaluates the performance of renewable and conventional energy power corporations of India using DEA. The analysis has been carried out based on both self and peer evaluation DEA models. Self-evaluation model reveals that only 7 out of 17 DMUs are CCR efficient. It has also been observed that amongst these fully efficient DMUs, 60\% are government funded electric utilities. Performance of several private corporations is sub-optimal, suggesting the potential for operation and maintenance cost reductions. In order to study the performance of renewable energy power plants, appropriate parameters have been chosen from the data set and results reveal that 75\% of the renewable energy generation plants have efficiency score greater than 0.75. Peer evaluation of the DMUs provides the basis for ranking based on the cross efficiency score. Aggressive and Benevolent models are used to study the performance of the DMUs under non-cooperative and cooperative conditions. Then the electric utilities that generate renewable energy are found to either maintain or improve their ranking under aggressive conditions. © 2018 IEEE.

2nd International Conference on Energy, Power and Environment: Towards Smart Technology, ICEPE 2018

Comprehensive Evaluation of Renewable and Conventional Electric Utility of India under Noncooperative and Cooperative Environment

Distributed generation (DG) integration benefits are manifold. When integrating into existing infrastructure, it reduces line losses when properly placed with the objective of loss minimization and at the same time it improves the system voltage profile. Besides these technical benefits there are economic and environmental benefits like upgrades deferment, reduction in operation and maintenance cost, reduction in greenhouse gases and a lot more. The paper proposes optimal DG placement for loss minimization in the distribution system. The DG considered here is solar photovoltaic system as type 1 distributed generator which supplies real power to the system. The analytical method is used for loss minimization problem using exact loss formula. The optimal DG capacity is determined for the objective of real power loss minimization as well as reactive power loss minimization. It is established and proposed that loss minimization with respect to DG placement is more if optimal DG sizes are determined with the objective of reactive power loss minimization. The economic benefits of the placement are determined and are distributed among the utility and the prosumer. © 2019, Institute of Advanced Scientific Research, Inc.. All rights reserved.

Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems

Optimum solar photovoltaic generation placement in distribution system as real power generator for loss minimization using analytical method and its economic analysis

In a coherent time-varying MIMO multiple access channel (MAC), the ergodic sum-capacity can be achieved by suitable power control, which adapts the transmit covariance matrices based on the available channel state information (CSI). We consider a MIMO-MAC model where each transmitter is only aware of its own fading realization. For this distributed MAC, we propose decentralized power control schemes. First, some key structural properties on the optimal power control laws are derived, followed by an upper bound on the sum-capacity. Numerical results show that the proposed power control schemes closely characterize the sum-capacity in several regimes of interest.

IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory - Proceedings

On Decentralized Power Control for Ergodic MIMO Multiple Access Channels

The dispersion equation of a dielectric loaded anisotropically conducting tape helix slow wave structure for planar TWTs is derived. By assuming the current density behavior on the rectangular tape helix, the dispersion relation is obtained through accurate boundary conditions that restrict the field only on the tape surface and not in the gap regions. Substitution of the field equations in the boundary conditions results in the six complex constants of the field equations. The complex constants are re-substituted in the last boundary condition that consists of the restricting function or the indicator function to arrive at the dispersion equation. The derived dispersion equation can be used to obtain the dispersion characteristics for a more practically relevant planar TWT interaction structure. © 2019 IEEE.

2019 6th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks, SPIN 2019

Analysis of Dielectric Rods Supported Anistropically Conducting Rectangular Helix Slow Wave Structure

Borondipyrromethene or BODIPY can be incorporated into the polymer backbone through either the α (or 2,6) positions or the β (3,5) positions and hence resulting in polymers exhibiting structural isomerism. In this work two pairs of such isomeric D-A polymers formed by copolymerization of BODIPY with benzodithiophene (P1 and P2) and fluorene (P3 and P4) separately are reported along with structure property correlation. Depending on the positions of attachment of the BODIPY unit in the isomeric polymers, the geometry of the polymer backbone is either coiled or linear which in turn affects physical properties such as thermal stability, solubility and absorption, electronic properties such as delocalization of molecular orbitals, HOMO-LUMO energy levels and band gap. Though the charge carrier mobility seems to remain unaffected due to the isomerism of the polymer backbone, the α connected polymers perform better than the β connected polymers when used as electron acceptor along with P3HT in all polymer solar cells. This is also the first instance of application of BODIPY copolymers as electron acceptor in organic solar cells. © 2019 International Solar Energy Society