Center for Environmental Sciences & Engineering

<p>Shiv Nadar University is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, research-focused, and student-centric University offering a full range of academic programs at the undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral level. With state-of-the-art infrastructure, the University comprises of academic wings, sophisticated labs, international standard sports facilities, amphitheaters, auditorium, conference rooms and smart classrooms. The University&rsquo;s goal is to become internationally recognized for the quality of its research and creative endeavors and their applicability to improving quality of life, generating new insights and expanding the boundaries of human knowledge creativity. Committed to excellence in teaching, research and service, the University aims to serve the higher education needs of India and the world beyond.</p>

Shiv Nadar University

Application of the block ramp technique in steep gradient streams for energy dissipation as well as to maintain river stability finds increasing favor amongst researchers and practitioners in river engineering. This paper dwells on a comprehensive state-of-the-art review of flow resistance, energy dissipation, flow characteristics, stability, and drag force on block ramps by various investigators in the past. The forms and equations for each type are thoroughly discussed with the objective of finding the grey areas and gaps. More research is warranted further to improve the equations, which are essential for design analysis. Block ramps can be a promising simple technique to achieve reasonable attenuation of devastating fluvial forces unleashed in gravel-bed streams during cloud bursts. © 2021 The Authors Water Supply.

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Water Science and Technology: Water Supply

Block ramps for stream power attenuation in gravel-bed streams: A review

Monitoring and performing agricultural practices over a large spatial coverage often require advanced and accurate positional information in order to optimize the operational costs as well as reduce estimated time of completion. Agricultural practices with large farms are challenging to operate from remote sensing until accurate positional information is not available, which necessitates the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) for acquiring sample position using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSSs). Thus, development of positional accuracies with the help of GNSS signals has boosted up the involvement of GPS-based instruments in precision agriculture (PA). It has opened the wide door for the implementation of GPS in the PA, as per user needs and requirements. Furthermore, GPS instruments have been evolved with time, and nowadays advanced GPS instruments are in the market and can be operated via mobile with any operating systems, i.e., iOS, Android, or Windows. Availability of GPS signals in several instruments or equipment has been looked as the market opportunity and increasing trends in PA resulting in innovations of techniques for route optimization for optimal use of fertilizer spray and related activities in agricultural practices transforming to new look as SMART farming. The main conclusion of this chapter is to make aware about the growing GPS applications and evolution of SMART farming, that is, wisely employing Internet for precision applications. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

GPS and GNSS Technology in Geosciences

An evaluation of GPS opportunity in market for precision agriculture

Advances in Remote Sensing for Natural Resource Monitoring

Spectroradiometry: types, data collection, and processing

A Focus on Reaggregation of Playa Wetlandscapes in the Face of Global Ecological Disconnectivity

Osmium (IV) complexes with pyrazole nucleus containing ligands were synthesized. Os(IV) compounds were characterized using ESI-MS, ICP-OES, IR spectroscopy, electronic spectroscopy, conductance and magnetic measurements. Whereas, ligands were characterized by heteronuclear spectroscopy, (1H and 13C), IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. All the compounds were tested for their potential to interact with HS-DNA by absorption titration, fluorescence spectroscopy, viscosity measurement and docking study. The quenching constant and Stern Volmer constant values were calculated using fluorescence study. The synthesized compounds were studied for in-vitro bacteriostatic and cytotoxic activities. The cancer cell line studies of all the synthesized complexes were carried out on human lung cancer cells (A549). Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15257770.2021.1921795.

Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Synthesis, characterization and biological applications of pyrazole moiety bearing osmium(IV) complexes

Furrow irrigation is a conventional method of irrigation. It has lower application efficiency in comparison to drip irrigation. The obvious reasons for lower efficiency are (i) excess seepage losses and (ii) inappropriate furrow spacing. Close spacing of the furrows leads to unwise use of land resources, whereas wide spacing leads to non-availability of irrigation water to crops grown in the central part of the furrow ridge. In furrow irrigation method, generally a freeboard is provided to prevent overtopping of water during irrigation water supply. Overtopping for a small period is not harmful to plants. But a freeboard of considerable height would lead to loss of cropping area. In this study, the seepage analysis is carried out for a furrow which has negligible freeboard or ridge height considering uniform soil capillarity. For such a section, the stream line originating at the water surface level in the furrow moves close to the horizontal ground surface before becoming a parabolic surface. The locus of the phreatic line is found for different side slopes of the furrow section. There is a need to find the seepage loss and the loci of the phreatic lines, and hence appropriate spacing of the furrows was found out. The analysis has been carried out considering the symmetry of the flow domain while solving using inverse hodograph method. In this study, seepage analysis is carried out for a triangular furrow which has negligible freeboard considering uniform soil capillarity. It was found that the seepage loss and the lateral spreading vary quasi-linearly with capillary suction head and due to capillary action, first water moves in horizontal direction and then after moving certain distance follows a parabolic path. © 2021, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

Analysis of Seepage from a Triangular Furrow with Negligible Freeboard Considering Soil Capillarity Using Inverse Hodograph and Conformal Mapping Technique

Introduction to Natural Resource Monitoring Using Remote Sensing Technology

<p>River morphological dynamics are complex phenomena in natural and environmental flows. In particular, the sediment transport around braid mid-channel bars has not gained enough understanding from previous research. The effect of submergence ratio on the turbulence behavior in the proximity of the bar has been investigated in this study. The spatial distribution of turbulent flow in the proximity of bar has been studied by plotting the depth-averaged two-dimensional contours of turbulent kinetic energy. The high value of TKE has been observed in regions just downstream from the bar. It is due to the vortex shedding occurring in that region. The interaction of sweep and ejection events have been analyzed using the parameter Dominance Function obtained from the ratio of occurrence probability of ejection events to the occurrence probability of sweep events. This outcome indicates that the depth averaged parameter Dominance Function has successfully predicted the high scouring region which makes it an ideal parameter for analyzing the scour phenomena in real-world water management projects. The high scouring zone lies in the close proximity of the bar. This shows that the scouring effect from the bar is limited to its close region. The magnitude of scouring occurring at the upstream region of the bar also increases with the increment of submergence ratio. The relationship of quadrant event inclination angles with the sediment transport occurring in the proximity of bar has been also studied, where an Angle Ratio parameter has been utilized for linking the bed elevation change with the inclination angle. The results indicate that the AR parameter has been successfully tested in this study to show its competence to represent the turbulent burst-induced bed sedimentation and scouring. © 2021, Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences &amp; Polish Academy of Sciences.</p>

Acta Geophysica

Two-dimensional turbulent burst examination and angle ratio utilization to detect scouring/sedimentation around mid-channel bar

In this paper, the turbulents bursts triggered by the interactions between fluid and bar are investigated using the bursting events technique. The intricate association of scouring that occurred at a region upstream of the bar is reflected by the parameter Dominance Function. It is the ratio of occurrence probability of ejection events to the occurrence probability of sweep event. The results indicate that the high magnitude of scouring is observed in the interaction region of these events. (near bed region, z/h < 0.03). The parameter Dominance Function is successfully predicting the high scouring region. The linkage of deposition process which occurred at locations downstream of the mid-channel bar is signified by the parameter Bursting Index which is the ratio of summation of odd events to the summation of even events. The results indicate that the high magnitude of Bursting Index (BI (Formula presented.) 1.3) is observed at the high depositional region. The parameter Bursting Index is successfully predicting the high deposition region located downstream of bar. The effect of Submergence Ratio on the turbulent structure of flow is also investigated. The dominance of sweep and ejection events is observed at regions upstream of the mid-channel bar by analyzing the Reynolds stress contours. The high positive value of Reynolds stress is responsible for scouring at regions just upstream of the bar. The negative value of Reynolds stress is observed at regions just downstream of the bar. The velocity fluctuations are modelled using the Gram-Charlier method. The impact of bar on the turbulent flow structure is investigated by plotting the Joint Probability distribution of bursting events. For regions upstream of the bar, the turbulent burst triggered by the interaction of fluid and bar is maximum at a point located closest to the upstream end of bar. © 2021 Indian Society for Hydraulics.

ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

Contribution of quadrant bursting events to the turbulent flow structure at region close to the mid-channel bar

River morphological processes are among the most complex and least understood phenomenon in nature. Recent research indicates that the braiding of marine waterways of the estuary zone occurs at an aspect ratio similar to the alluvial braided river. The instability of complex sporadic fluvial processes at river-sea interface is responsible for bar formation in alluvial as well as in marine waterbodies Due to the lack of knowledge of flow characteristics around bar, the flow structure around the sand bar is analyzed. The bursting events play the crucial role in understanding the fluvial characteristics in the vicinity of submerged structure. The study of bursting events around the mid-channel bar is only done by the present author. The effect of submergence ratio on the turbulence behavior in the proximity of bar is analyzed in this study. The flow turbulence generated by the mid-channel bar is also analyzed in detail. The extreme turbulent burst is segregated from low intensity turbulent events by using the hole size concept. The effect of hole size on the parameter Dominance Function is analysed which is not yet studied by any researcher for mid-channel bar. The Momentum Dominance Function (Formula presented.) parameter increases with increase in the Hole Size. This indicates that the magnitude of upward flux increases with increase in the hole size. The effect of bar height on the turbulent burst which is not yet studied by any researchers is analyzed in the present research. The joint probability distribution of bursting events is modeled using the Gram-Charlier bivariate joint probability function. The joint probability distribution gives the details of probabilistic structure of flow in the vicinity of bar. The effect of bar is predominant only in the lower flow layer. The joint probability distribution graph becomes more eccentric toward the dominant quadrants with increase in the submergence ratio. This indicates that the probability of dominant events further increases with increase in the submergence ratio. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.