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The dispersion equation for a planar traveling wave tube with anisotropically conducting open helix structure is derived. Using, the accurate boundary conditions along all the sides of the planar TWT and along the winding direction of the TWT using indicator function, the exact solution of a homogenous boundary value problem for Maxwell's equations is derived. A total number of six different complex constants are derived from a set of six boundary conditions for the proposed cold wave analysis. The presented theoretical analysis will be used in the design of the planar travelling wave tube amplifier (TWTA). © 2019 IEEE.

Electrical Engineering

(SoE) School of Engineering

2019 6th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks, SPIN 2019

Modified Dispersion Equation for Planar Open Tape Helix Travelling Wave Tube

The dispersion equation of a dielectric loaded anisotropically conducting tape helix slow wave structure for planar TWTs is derived. By assuming the current density behavior on the rectangular tape helix, the dispersion relation is obtained through accurate boundary conditions that restrict the field only on the tape surface and not in the gap regions. Substitution of the field equations in the boundary conditions results in the six complex constants of the field equations. The complex constants are re-substituted in the last boundary condition that consists of the restricting function or the indicator function to arrive at the dispersion equation. The derived dispersion equation can be used to obtain the dispersion characteristics for a more practically relevant planar TWT interaction structure. © 2019 IEEE.

Analysis of Dielectric Rods Supported Anistropically Conducting Rectangular Helix Slow Wave Structure

The large-signal behavior of traveling wave tube amplifier for a linear beam dielectric loaded anisotropically conducting tape helix slow wave structure (SWS) is realized through a swift and reliable field analysis. Using Green’s function sequence, the field components in the SWS are designated as nonlinear functionals of electron arrival time. The electron arrival time in the beam region is formulated into a nonlinear operator in the Banach space mapping form by substituting the axial electric field component into the electron ballistic equation. The nonlinear beam–wave interaction is then obtained by determining the electron arrival time through extensive successive approximations, and thus exact electric and magnetic field components in the tape helix SWS are attained. The numerical computation of the proposed model yields definitive analytical results for the electron exit velocity, induced surface current density, power gain, conversion efficiency, and optimum interaction length. © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications

Large-signal field analysis of a linear beam travelling wave tube amplifier for the anisotropically conducting tape helix slow-wave structure supported by dielectric rods

This paper presents a metamaterial approach based ultra-wideband patch antenna using a different split-ring resonator structure. The proposed split-ring resonator is constructed on a 0.43mm thick RT Duroid substrate above a partly covered ground plane. The radiating element comprises of a rectangular geometry with arc-shaped structures at the shorter edges, with an overall dimension of 39x30 mm2. The proposed antenna provides a much favorable radiation pattern with a very efficient impedance matching across a wide bandwidth of 3-44 GHz, making it highly suitable for its operation at and beyond ultra-wideband applications and 5G communications. This paper discusses the antenna's design and the parametrical studies performed using available simulation tools. © 2018 IEEE.

Proceedings - 2nd International Conference on Micro-Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, ICMETE 2018

Metamaterial based compact planar antenna for UWB and 5G applications

The tape helix slow wave structures used in travelling wave tube (TWT) amplifiers are exploited for use as radiating devices through the fast wave analysis. The dispersion equation is derived from accurate boundary conditions that neither involve assumptions on the current density distribution, nor considers a defined distribution function for a dielectric loaded tape helix slow wave structure surrounded by a conductor or a conductor placed inside the tape helix. Analytical computation of the dispersion characteristics of both the structures revealed the presence of fast wave modes usable for applications such as antennas. © 2016 IEEE.

Proceedings - 2016 International Conference on Micro-Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, ICMETE 2016

Fast wave propagation characteristics of dielectric loaded tape helix structures placed around and within a cylindrical core

The homogeneous boundary value problem existing in the electromagnetic wave propagation in a dielectricloaded perfectly conducting tape helix with infinitesimal tape thickness is investigated in this study. The ill-posed boundary value problem is regularised using the mollification method. The homogeneous boundary value problem is solved for the dielectric loaded perfectly conducting tape helix taking into account the exact boundary conditions for the perfectly conducting dielectric loaded tape helix. The solved approximate dispersion equation takes the form of the solvability condition for an infinite system of linear homogeneous equations namely, the determinant of the infinite order coefficient matrix is zero. For the numerical computation of the dispersion equation, all the entries of the symmetrically truncated version of the coefficient matrix are estimated by summing an adequate number of the rapidly converging series for them. The tape-current distribution is estimated from the null-space vector of the truncated coefficient matrix corresponding to a specified root of the dispersion equation. The numerical results suggest that the propagation characteristic computed by the anisotropically conducting model (that neglects the component of the tape-current density perpendicular to the winding direction) is only an abstinent approximation to consider for moderately wide tapes. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2016.

IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation

Propagation of electromagnetic waves guided by perfectly conducting model of a tape helix supported by dielectric rods

A volumetric metamaterial lens exhibiting a negative refractive index (NRI) at C-band is designed and its free-space focusing properties are experimentally verified. The designed lens employs a multilayer geometry and its unit cells are loaded using metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors and dual-arm spiral inductors in a biplanar configuration. These elements, although fully printed and without vias, provide strong reactive loading that enables a unit cell size of λ0/11 and allows the metamaterial's dispersion properties to be accurately modeled in the effectivemedium regime using an equivalent-circuit approach. It is also conducive to implementation at high frequencies, where surfacemount components are unusable. The focusing properties of the fabricated lens are confirmed for a band of frequencies around 5.0 GHz in an anechoic chamber using a free-space field probing system consisting of electrically small shielded-loop antennas affixed to a computer-controlled scanner. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

World University root node

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

Free-Space Focusing at C-Band Using a Flat Fully Printed Multilayer Metamaterial Lens

The practically important case of dielectric loaded tape helix enclosed in a perfectly conducting coaxial conductor is analysed in this paper. The dispersion equation for the infinitesimally thin and anisotropically conducting tape is derived from an exact solution of a homogeneous boundary value problem for Maxwell's equation. The boundary value problem is solved to yield the dispersion equation which takes the form of the solvability condition viz., the determinant of the infinite-order coefficient matrix is zero. For the numerical computation of the approximate dispersion characteristics, all the entries of the symmetrically truncated version of the coefficient matrix are estimated by summing an adequate number of the rapidly converging series for them. The numerical computation of dispersion characteristics and phase speed variations for different values of b/a (outer conductor to inner helix radius) and effective dielectric permittivity is presented. © 2014 IEEE.

IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, IVEC 2014

Wave propagation characteristics in anisotropically conducting dielectric loaded tape helix slow wave structures

The practically important case of a dielectric-loaded tape helix enclosed in a coaxial perfectly conducting cylindrical shell is analysed in this paper. The dielectric-loaded tape helix for guided electromagnetic wave propagation considered here has infinitesimal tape thickness and infinite tape-material conductivity. The homogeneous boundary value problem is solved taking into account the exact boundary conditions similar to the case of anisotropically conducting open tape helix model [1, 2]. The boundary value problem is solved to yield the dispersion equation which takes the form of the solvability condition for an infinite system of linear homogeneous algebraic equations viz., the determinant of the infinite- order coeficient matrix is zero. For the numerical computation of the approximate dispersion characteristic, all the entries of the symmetrically truncated version of the coeficient matrix are estimated by summing an adequate number of the rapidly converging series for them. The tape-current distribution is estimated from the null-space vector of the truncated coeficient matrix corresponding to a specified root of the dispersion equation.

Fulltext

Progress In Electromagnetics Research B

Propagation of electromagnetic waves guided by the anisotropically conducting model of a tape helix supported by dielec- tric rods

The homogeneous boundary value problem arising in the propagation of electromagnetic waves guided by an open tape helix modelled to be of infinitesimal tape thickness and infinite tape-material conductivity is shown to be inherently ill posed. It is demonstrated how the ill posed problem may be regularised using the mollification method. The regularised boundary value problem is then solved to yield the approximate dispersion equation which takes the form of the solvability condition for an infinite system of linear homogeneous algebraic equations viz., the determinant of the infinite-order coefficient matrix is zero. For the numerical computation of the dispersion characteristic, all the entries of the symmetrically truncated version of the coefficient matrix are estimated by summing an adequate number of the rapidly converging (after regularisation) series for them. The tape-current distribution is estimated from the null-space vector of the truncated coefficient matrix corresponding to a specified root of the dispersion equation. A comparison of the numerical results with those for the anisotropically conducting model (that neglects the component of the tape-current density perpendicular to the winding direction) of the tape helix reveals that the propagation characteristic computed on the basis of the anisotropically conducting model could be substantially in error even for moderately wide tapes. © 2012 The Institution of Engineering and Technology.