Design

<p>Shiv Nadar University is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, research-focused, and student-centric University offering a full range of academic programs at the undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral level. With state-of-the-art infrastructure, the University comprises of academic wings, sophisticated labs, international standard sports facilities, amphitheaters, auditorium, conference rooms and smart classrooms. The University&rsquo;s goal is to become internationally recognized for the quality of its research and creative endeavors and their applicability to improving quality of life, generating new insights and expanding the boundaries of human knowledge creativity. Committed to excellence in teaching, research and service, the University aims to serve the higher education needs of India and the world beyond.</p>

Shiv Nadar University

Most of the design activities, today, are focused toward solving issues related to a smaller section of society with average or high-income levels, and the needs of a bigger section of society, belonging to the bottom of the pyramid, are ignored by and large. This is one area of research that requires urgent attention and appropriate design intervention. This paper is an effort to cater to the unaddressed needs of one such section of society that is involved in gardening-related activities. The paper reports a case study on how the issues related to storing and managing the gardening tools and equipment have been addressed. It presents the design development and evaluation from a sustainability point of view. The study involved two gardeners working at a University campus who participated during different stages of designing the new product that addressed their needs and aspirations. The paper also discusses the economic and environmental sustainability aspects of the solution in the light of materials and manufacturing processes used. In the first part, the paper explains the brief background of the user's needs. The second part of the paper analyzes the different aspects of the problem and elaborates on the design process. The paper finally concludes with a discussion on the assessment of the new storage system. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

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(SoHSS) School of Humanities and Social Sciences

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

Design of Storage System for Local Gardeners: A Case Study

Government hospitals are the main pillars of the public healthcare services in the country. But due to the ever-growing number of patients and the inadequate infrastructure facilities, they are overburdened and unable to provide proper and prompt medical help to the patients. Medical treatment may include consultation, admission, diagnosis, surgery, drug administration, nursing, blood bank service, ambulance service, etc. The patients/attendants have to follow hospital protocols and processes to avail the required treatment. But they are not acquainted with hospital processes, rules, norms, timings, and other relevant information. They also vary from hospital to hospital. Hence, the visitors need to contact touchpoints like reception counters to help them for the help. But they are always overcrowded with people queued up in lines. In addition, the reception, registration/ entry counters, different departments, diagnosis centers, and other utilities are too scattered within the hospital premises (different buildings, floors, rooms, etc.) to be figured out by anyone. It is a puzzling and helpless situation that inevitably delays the treatment process. The delays could be reduced by providing patients/attendants, relevant, quick, and reliable information. But hospitals can't allocate a part of their limited workforce for this purpose. In the given context, a mobile-based app can play an important role. This paper proposes a new app-based system that streamlines treatment at government hospitals. It reports the general problems faced by patients at government hospitals. It explores the feasibility of a mobile app system, that would provide patients with reliable information, in real-time. The paper finally concludes by discussing the limitations and future scope of the proposed system. The designed app also finds special relevance in the present pandemic situation where every second is critical for the patients. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Designing Mobile App Interfaces for Facilitating Medical Treatment at the Government Hospitals

Toys play an important role in kids cognitive and physical development. Before starting the formal education with alphabets and numbers, the kids learn and understand different phenomena around them by experiencing things through their senses. They learn about different natural objects, creatures and phenomena by touching them or perceiving them through their other senses i.e. through seeing, smelling, hearing or tasting. In this cognitive journey of learning new things, the toys play a vital role. They try to imitate the real creatures and provide the related information in an effective way much before they actually come across those entities. Designing such toys in itself is an insightful experience. The paper discusses the process of developing one such toy i.e. Crocodile toy. And details the process of how different features of the real creature have been integrated to deliver important information about it in an interactive way. The paper concludes with discussion on tentative strategies to evaluate the efficacy of the toy. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems

Design for Cognitive Development of Kids: A Case Study of Developing Interactive Toy for Small Children

Northeast is one of the largest producers of pineapples in India. There are many small fruit processing units located across different northeastern states that process pineapples during peak harvest season. However, most of these units are very small and are engaged in preparing the juice and juice-related items rather than canning pineapple slices. Preparation of juice-related items could be carried with a small capital and space infrastructure. The process of extracting juice starts with peeling the fruit followed by chopping them into small chunks. These chunks are then pulped in a machine, put inside a cloth-like material, and pressed using a hydraulic press. The whole process is so tedious and time-consuming that it is considered a major bottleneck in the smooth operational flow. The paper elaborates on the various aspects related to juice extraction processes. The paper, then, discusses the process of designing an effective equipment for making the overall process of juice preparation easier. The paper concludes with a brief discussion on the subjective and objective assessment of the proof of concept of and the future scope of the research. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Design of Pineapple Peeling Equipment

The elementary unit of letter construction is the basic anatomical features of letterforms. The letter identification is a process of decoding and encoding of the anatomical information of the letters. They are the fundamental components of letter identification. This paper explains the process of Bengali letter identification and reveals the crucial anatomical features for design purposes. Here, an eye-tracking study has been conducted to identify the involvement of letter features in reading. In order to reveal the letter features, we exposed the letters under low contrast conditions to establish the consequence of anatomical features. The objective of the experiment is to identify the important letters features during the reading process that aids the letter identification task. A total number of six participants had performed the task under low contrast condition, and data was captured using an eye-tracking device. The aim of the paper is to understand the role of anatomical features in the letter identification process, so that such information can be useful for the Type designers. Type designers are designers who design typefaces and develop fonts for everyday use. The saccades, fixation, and heat-signature data from eye-tracking study have provided two major sets of information—(1) a list of letter features (individually) involved in the letter identification process, (2) a list of common and unique letter features across all Bengali letters. The result indicates that there is an active involvement of letter-parts and features in the letter identification process, and the list of common and distinctive letter features has been prepared to guide the type designers. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies

The Role of Letter Anatomy in Type Design: An Eye-Tracking Study of Bengali Letters

This study explores the co-existent nature of emotions and cognition in humans to build and propose a framework that helps correlate ‘likeability’ and ‘sellability’ of a product by introduction of a relatively new term—unique selling factor (USF). The framework runs on context-based logical correlations among its constituents. The aim of this framework is to qualitatively express the emotional characteristics of a product. As emotions work alongside with cognition, the design attributes of the product under the lenses are first analysed as per the three levels of our brain’s processing. Each design feature corresponds to the processing level based on the consumers’ probable preferences to choose that feature in the first place. After this cognitive breakdown, we further diverge the semantic analysis at emotional levels. Each design feature when stated with the consumers’ probable preference and the cognition level involved can now help develop context of the scenario. This context that triangulates the connect between the design feature, consumers’ preference and processing level plays significant role as the backbone of emotionality in the analysis overall. To apply the understanding built, a logical study is done considering a black V-neck T-shirt as the product under the lenses. For this product, we define the likeability, sellability and the unique selling factor. For analysis, we create a feature analysis table that subdivides the product features first, into its design characteristics. Second, against these characteristics are explored the probable reasons the consumer might have had for opting for those characteristics. Third, each reason for the preference for its respective design characteristic is assigned to its corresponding levels of brain processing. Fourth, for the context developed so far, we can assign emotions involved. The co-existence of emotion and cognition paves way for this product-semantic design language. Thus, the framework proposed works evidently on emotion and cognition and helps provide a novel perspective—that of the most significant stakeholder of all—the customer and the people we design for. The framework follows an ecosystemic approach that provides it with appropriate literature and a holistic approach. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Product Semantics: The Emotional Design Language

Typefaces are the primary means of reading. Without a quality display of the typeface on the display screen, reading becomes difficult. The paper aims to identify the display issues with the Indian typefaces on display screens. Further, the paper encounters the challenges and difficulties in the type design process with Indian scripts. India is a multilingual country with various scripts. Indian letterform structures are complex and sinuous. In this paper, the technical challenges related to the design process of Indian typefaces such as hinting, glyph positioning and substitution have been discussed. Hinting is a challenging task for Indian scripts since the letter structures are complex. Developing glyphs substitution instructions is a tedious task due to the large number of characters set. In the context of letter design, Indian letters lack a letterform grammar and visual language of type forms. Anatomical nomenclature and grid system are the primary deficiency in the design process that hinders the quality font production. Apart from that, identification of the legibility parameters is required for the Indian scripts to make the letters reading friendly and visually enhancing. Research on Indian typeface legibility has not been studied extensively. Therefore, a review on the current issues and challenges of Indian typeface becomes essential. The present paper is an attempt to discuss the design challenges and display issues with the Indian typefaces. © 2021, The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Springer Series in Design and Innovation

Indian Typefaces in Digital Platforms: Issues and Challenges

We report the results of density functional theory calculations on the atomic and electronic structure of solids formed by assembling A2B2PN (A = Ge and Sn, B = Cl, Br, and I) inorganic double helices. The calculations have been performed using a generalized gradient approximation for the exchange-correlation functional and including van der Waals interactions. Our results show that the double helices crystallize in a monoclinic lattice with van der Waals type weak interactions between the double helices. In all cases except Ge2Cl2PN, the solids are stable with a binding energy between the double helices ranging from 0.06 eV per atom to 0.09 eV per atom and inter-double helices separation of more than 3.33 Å. All the solids are semiconducting. Further calculations have been done by using meta-GGA with a modified Becke-Johnson functional to obtain better band gaps, which are found to lie in the range of 0.91 eV to 1.49 eV. In the case of Ge2Br2PN the solid is a direct band gap semiconductor although the isolated double helix has an indirect band gap and it is suggested to be interesting for photovoltaic, and other optoelectronic applications. The charge transfer between the atoms has been studied using Bader charge analysis and the DDEC6 method in the CHARGEMOL program, which suggests charge transfer from the outer helix to the inner helix. This journal is © 2020 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Center for Informatics

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RSC Advances

Atomic and electronic structure of solids of Ge2Br2PN, Ge2I2PN, Sn2Cl2PN, Sn2Br2PN and Sn2I2PN inorganic double helices: A first principles study

Engineering education, today, has changed with the evolving job requirements that demands for more than only a domain-specific knowledge. Engineers are expected to address more complex challenges of future that require knowledge from different disciplines. Also, in this era of market competition, the enterprises expect them to come up with innovative ideas to have an edge. Thus, conventional engineering education is going through a transition phase with rapidly changing technology and job demands. Acknowledging this evolving need, many technical institutes have taken the initiative to incorporate creative design education in engineering curriculum to give students a liberal, multi-disciplinary, holistic, and creative outlook for addressing complex multi-disciplinary problems. But, imparting design education to undergrads along with their engineering majors has its own practical challenges. Design education has a subjective and intuitive approach, which involves imagination, reflection, and iteration which is sharply in contrast with the objective technical engineering teaching. Hence, holding the attention and interest of students from non-design background is sometimes a tough task for the mentors. The paper aims at highlighting the problems faced by mentors while teaching design to the engineering UG students at Shiv Nadar University. Based on their experiences, the authors have put forward several insights that might help young mentors interacting with the students with non-design background. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2019.

Teaching creative design to undergrade engineering students—Some experiences

Population growth, and excessive exploitation of resources (air, water, and land) for consumerism-driven economy are among the few reasons for environmental degradation. The growing concern over this in recent years have resulted in several remedial steps taken by both government and nongovernment organizations, often manifested through environmental laws, regulations, and policies.The philosophical bases of such remedial steps are generally biased toward anthropocentric (or techno-centric) worldview. However, this paper posits that the traditional Indian philosophy toward environmental protection is based on conservative-nurturing (or eco-centric) world view, often manifested through cultural practices. The paper is an attempt to explore Indian cultural practices from the environmental worldview (EWV) perspective. This paper, at first, presents a review of the most popular EWV available in the literature. Then it discusses two Indian cultural practices and attempts to draw a philosophical relationship with these worldviews. The study of these two cultural practices indicates the manifestation of either conservative-nurturing or eco-centric worldview. The paper advocates that cultural practices are potential tools for environmental stress mitigation. This is supported by a few recent cases of environmental protection through cultural practices. The paper concludes that cultural practices have a great potential for environmental protection and such practices should be recognized, strengthened, and nurtured through research. © 2019, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.