(SoE) School of Engineering

<p>Shiv Nadar University is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, research-focused, and student-centric University offering a full range of academic programs at the undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral level. With state-of-the-art infrastructure, the University comprises of academic wings, sophisticated labs, international standard sports facilities, amphitheaters, auditorium, conference rooms and smart classrooms. The University&rsquo;s goal is to become internationally recognized for the quality of its research and creative endeavors and their applicability to improving quality of life, generating new insights and expanding the boundaries of human knowledge creativity. Committed to excellence in teaching, research and service, the University aims to serve the higher education needs of India and the world beyond.</p>

Shiv Nadar University

This paper presents an efficient and versatile OpenFOAM (Open-source Field Operation And Manipulation)-based numerical solver for fully resolved simulations that can handle any rigid and deforming bodies moving in the fluid. The algorithm used for solving Fluid–Structure Interactions (FSI) involving the immersed structure with changeable shapes is based on the momentum redistribution method. The present approach excludes the need to solve elastic equations, obtain high-accuracy predictions of the flow field and provide a rigorous basis for implementing the Immersed Boundary Method (IBM). The OpenFOAM implementation of the algorithm is discussed along with the design methodology for developing bio-inspired underwater vehicles using the present solver. The computational results are validated with the experimental observations of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional anguilliform swimmer case studies. The study further extended to the three-dimensional hydrodynamics of a bioinspired, self-propelling manta bot. The motion of the body is specified a priori according to the reported experimental observations. The results quantify the vortex formation and shedding processes and enable the identification of the portions of the body responsible for the majority of thrust. The body accelerates from rest to an asymptotic mean forward velocity of 0.2 ms−1 in almost 5 s, consistent with experimental observations. It is observed that the developed computational model is capable of performing any motion simulation and manoeuvrability analysis, which are critical for the designers to develop novel unmanned underwater vehicles. © 2022, Jilin University.

World University root node

Mechanical Engineering

Journal of Bionic Engineering

Novel Hydrodynamic Analysis Towards Capabilities Improvement of Bio-inspired Underwater Vehicles Using Momentum Redistribution Method

NBTI degradation of FinFET devices is stochastic due to the inevitable variations in manufacturing processes. The stochastic behavior of NBTI degradation is modeled with different ΔVTH distributions. Various leading semiconductor industries report different ΔVTH distributions like Gamma, Normal, and Dispersive Skellam (DS) to model the NBTI induced variability. In this work, different NBTI induced variability models from the literature are used to investigate the impact on circuit performance. The combined effect of time-zero and various NBTI induced variability distributions on SRAM read and write metrics is discussed in detail. NBTI degradation in SRAM depends on the stored data pattern. Hence, we also report the impact of stored data patterns on the SRAM metric. To further analyze the impact of ΔVTH distributions on SRAM metrics, the correlation between SRAM metrics is studied. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Electrical Engineering

Integration

Impact of various NBTI distributions on SRAM performance for FinFET technology

The food and medical sectors have to abide by the strict regulations of quality control and this requires strict monitoring of various types of chemicals and pathogens. These requirements have brought laurels to the field of biosensing to develop the most capable sensors to detect a target property instantly as well as precisely. Biosensors integrated with the nanotechnological approach make them simple and tiny in size, which also provides a point-of-care platform. The last two decades have been devoted to developing different biosensors using nanoscale materials due to their sensitive and unique properties. Search is on, for the combination of materials for biosensors, which can make them multipurpose, inexpensive, and eco-friendly. The molecules or analytes can be detected through different working principles of biosensors. Biosensing is a wide area and several biosensors exist each with its working principles and/or sometimes a combination of two–three principles making them a hybrid sensor. This book chapter is aimed to revisit these working principles considering the growing use of newer nanomaterials (nanoparticles, nanowire, and nanosheet) in use for the development of biosensors. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials Based Biosensing: Methods and Principle of Detection

Exposure to wastewater treatment system (WWTS)-associated bioaerosols is not only linked with macro/field scale systems but also facilities which are operated in micro- and/or indoor environment such as university campus and research institutions. In this context, investigations on a laboratory-scale WWTS, adopting a sequential batch biofilm process and fed with synthetic municipal wastewater, were done in terms of its global treatment performance and characterization of emitted bioaerosols species. The microbial diversity of captured bioaerosols, collected through conventional particulate matter samplers, was identified on the basis of their metabolic properties using analytical profile index, biochemical tests, and other media specific growth patterns. Monitoring and analysis results of air quality in control and experimental period revealed that particulate emission from bioreactor increased the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 up to 26.49 ± 4.18 µg/m3 and 12.84 ± 2.48 µg/m3 from an initial level of 17.26 ± 4.58 µg/m3 and 8.70 ± 1.84 µg/m3, respectively. Microscopic observations and staining characteristics revealed that cocci shape gram-negative and bacilli shape gram-positive bacteria dominated the bioaerosols with quantitative contribution as 70% and 9%, respectively. Based on the morphological and biochemical characterization, dominant isolated genera of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in bioaerosols were identified as Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas sp. with % dominance as 38.46, 13.46, 9.61 and 25, respectively. Overall, the findings of this study reiterate the concern of biological air pollution in research laboratories and represent an inevitable aspect for the validation of bioaerosol exposure in laboratory-scale WWTS workplaces. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.

Aerobiologia

Assessment and characterization of bioaerosols from an indoor environment-operated wastewater management facility: unraveling pathogenicity in research laboratories

Droplet grouping is important in technical applications and in nature where more than one droplet is seen. Despite its relevance for such problems, the fundamentals of the grouping processes are not yet fully understood. Initial conditions that expedite or impede the formation of droplet groups have been studied, but a thorough investigation of the temporal and spatial evolution of the forces at play has not been conducted. In this work, the grouping process in monodisperse droplet streams is examined in detail by direct numerical simulation (DNS), for the first time, using the multiphase code Free Surface 3D. The code framework is based on the volume-of-fluid method and uses the piecewise linear interface calculation method to reconstruct the interface. A method is established to quantify the development and evolving differences of pressure and shear drag forces on each droplet in the stream using the available DNS data. The results show a linear increase in the difference between the forces, where the drag force on the leading droplet is always larger than that on the trailing droplet. A comprehensive parametric study reveals that, on the one hand, large initial inter-droplet separation and small group distances increase grouping time due to reduced difference in the drag coefficients. On the other hand, higher initial Reynolds numbers and larger irregularities in the geometrical arrangement promote droplet grouping. The flow field shows stable wake structures at initial Reynolds numbers of 300 and the onset of vortex shedding at Reynolds numbers of 500, affecting the next pair of droplets, even for larger separation distances. © 2022 Author(s).

Physics of Fluids

Investigation of droplet grouping in monodisperse streams by direct numerical simulations

In this investigation, numerical analysis of square butt, butt with V-groove and T-weld joint configurations have been performed to estimate transient temperature distributions and residual stresses. A computational welding simulation based on a prescribed temperature approach was used that works on thermal load input derived from temperature analysis. In the thermal analysis, welding heat source or torch temperature was considered as the prescribed value of temperature, which helps in simulating real welding conditions. The inclusion of filler metal in the numerical analysis replicates the real welding phenomenon, which provides temperature distribution along the true distance of the joints. The maximum temperature was observed at the weld pool area and decreased in parabolic shape toward the base metal. Residual stresses were measured along the selected path (in the mid of plates) that comprises node-to-node variation of stresses in both longitudinal and transverse directions. von Mises and Tresca stress criterion was adopted to show accumulated stresses in the weld joints. It was observed that stresses accumulated in the different configurations of weld joints were below the yield strength 210 MPa of SUS304 steel. Peak values of stresses were observed at weld beads and in the nearby regions. © 2022, The Indian Institute of Metals - IIM.

Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals

Numerical Analysis of Different SUS304 Steel Weld Joint Configurations Using new Prescribed Temperature Approach

In this work, a three-dimensional thermomechanical finite element model has been developed to simulate the additive manufacturing process of a Ti-6Al-4V hip implant fabricated using the laser powder bed fusion process. The developed numerical model is used to predict the thermal fields, residual stresses, and part deformation during the printing process. To reduce the mass and consequently the weight of the hip implant, topology optimization has been carried out. Furthermore, the additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V hip implant subjected to realistic loading conditions is analyzed. In the numerical model, new elements are activated for each layer to simulate the recoating of metal powder, and the thermal gradient, residual stress, and deformation associated with the layer are computed. It is observed that the implant geometry significantly influences the quality of the printed part. Topology-optimized geometry shows a notable reduction in residual stress generation and distortions, along with a significant reduction in mass. © IMechE 2022.

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

Finite element analysis and topology optimization of Ti-6Al-4V hip implant fabricated by laser powder bed fusion process

The Billboard magazine is a world renowned music publication since 1984 and it releases a weekly ranking of the top 100 songs in various categories such as rock, pop, hip-hop, etc. Several studies have determined that it is possible to predict the approximate bucket of ranks that a song is likely to chart in using social and subjective indicators. The definitions of these indicators however can change over time, thus rendering the previous classifications erroneous. Here, we report successful results from our experiments in predicting the ranks and the number of weeks the songs are likely to stay on the charts, using objective and well-defined features, obtained from Spotify’s Web API. It extends existing research about classifying songs into rank buckets of Top-10 and Top-40 using these objective features, demonstrating that it is possible to predict exact ranks of the songs within a root-mean-squared-error of 28 ranks and the number of weeks of charting within a root-mean-squared-error of 7 weeks, demonstrating definitive trends between individual features and the ranks of the songs, demonstrating that objective metadata about the songs serve as good indicators about the trends in the Billboard charts, and can be used to predict a song’s performance on the charts within acceptable error rates. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Computer Science and Engineering

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)

Performance Prediction of Songs on Online Music Platforms

A single-layer, four-element multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for 5 GHz (5150–5850 MHz) band WLAN application is proposed. Each unit element consists of three sections and this behaves as a travelling wave antenna, which enables frequency scanning feature. The combination of orthogonal feeds and placement of elements introduce dual-polarisation, and pattern diversity respectively. Thus, the proposed MIMO antenna offers a higher degree of freedom (pattern diversity, frequency scanning and dual polarisation), which makes it exceptional. The proposed MIMO antenna has a maximum impedance bandwidth of 17% (4.93–5.87 GHz) corresponding to port 4 and isolation of 17.5 dB, which is achieved without additional decoupling/isolation enhancement circuits. The envelope correlation coefficient of 0.25, capacity loss less than 0.4 bits/sec/Hz, and the mean effective gain (MEG) ratio of 0 dB in the desired frequency band quantifies the diversity performance for WLAN applications. The proposed MIMO has gain from 2 to 5.5 dB and occupies a compact volume of 1.3 λ × 1.3 λ × 0.02 λ mm3, which may be one of the most miniaturised electrical configurations. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

International Journal of Electronics

Travelling Wave Antenna Based MIMO for 5GHz WLAN Band Application With Pattern Diversity

There have been various attempts to leverage the massive amount of data generated from social media websites. The real-time nature of social media platforms can help detect events, especially in a metropolitan city. In this paper, a system is proposed, that detects traffic-related events and road conditions in real-time from tweets by using classification algorithms and custom-trained named entity recognition model (NER) to classify and extract contextual information and visualise it on a map to get an overall picture of the traffic conditions in a city. The proposed system is versatile and can be applied to other use cases such as detecting calamities, social unrest, etc. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.