(SoE) School of Engineering

<p>Shiv Nadar University is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, research-focused, and student-centric University offering a full range of academic programs at the undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral level. With state-of-the-art infrastructure, the University comprises of academic wings, sophisticated labs, international standard sports facilities, amphitheaters, auditorium, conference rooms and smart classrooms. The University&rsquo;s goal is to become internationally recognized for the quality of its research and creative endeavors and their applicability to improving quality of life, generating new insights and expanding the boundaries of human knowledge creativity. Committed to excellence in teaching, research and service, the University aims to serve the higher education needs of India and the world beyond.</p>

Shiv Nadar University

Humans generally spend most of their time indoors, therefore, having good Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and its real time information is critical for maintaining human health and productivity. According to United States Environmental Protection Agency, indoor air even in centrally air-conditioned buildings is several times more polluted than outdoor air, primarily due to change in occupancy pattern, old or ill maintained ventilation systems, and cracks in buildings. In this work, we have proposed an Internet of Things (IoT) based Discrete Time Markov Chain (DTMC) model for analysis and forecasting of IAQ. The IoT architecture used for collecting IAQ data consists of sensing nodes deployed in different rooms of the University building. This sensed data is transferred and stored in IoT cloud and used to generate the IAQ state transition matrix and compute return periods for each state. The predicted and actual return periods have been compared and the accuracy of the proposed model is found to be satisfactory with a low average absolute prediction error of 4.75\%. © 2020 IEEE.

Computer Science and Engineering

World University root node

2020 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium, SAS 2020 - Proceedings

An IoT-based Discrete Time Markov Chain Model for Analysis and Prediction of Indoor Air Quality Index

Cavitation erosion is a huge problem in engineering structures working under hydrodynamic conditions. The synergistic effect of erosion and corrosion can aggravate the material removal by several orders of magnitude. Surface coatings are widely used to address material degradation by erosion–corrosion. However, non-homogenous microstructure and presence of defects leads to premature coating failure under erosion–corrosion conditions. Thus, it is imperative to identify plausible solutions to address cavitation-related material degradation. In this study, Ni-Cr-5Al2O3 coatings were deposited on stainless steel substrate using high-velocity-oxy-fuel technique. The as-sprayed coating showed highly non-homogeneous microstructure comprising splats, pores, intermetallic compounds and elemental segregation. A new thermo-mechanical processing technique, stationary friction processing (SFP), was utilized for achieving through-thickness microstructural refinement in as-sprayed coating. As-sprayed and SFP-treated coatings were tested in pure cavitation erosion, corrosion in 3.5\% NaCl solution and erosion–corrosion. SFP treatment resulted in 5-times enhancement in the erosion and corrosion resistance compared to as-sprayed coating. The remarkable performance of Ni-Cr-5Al2O3 coatings after SFP treatment is attributed to significant enhancement in the mechanical properties including hardness and fracture toughness which is the consequence of complete removal of splat boundaries, pores, intermetallic compounds and uniform element distribution up to the coating–substrate interface. © 2020, ASM International.

Mechanical Engineering

Journal of Thermal Spray Technology

Enhanced Cavitation Erosion–Corrosion Resistance of High-Velocity Oxy-Fuel-Sprayed Ni-Cr-Al2O3 Coatings Through Stationary Friction Processing

Ubiquitous computing blended with context awareness gives user the facility of "anywhere anytime" computing. Location based services represents a class of context aware computing. Involvement of location as the primary input in location based services triggered concerns for user's privacy. Most of the privacy work in domain of location based services relies on obfuscation strategy along with K anonymity. The proposed work acknowledges the idea of calculating value of K for K anonymity using context factors in fuzzy format. However, with increasing number of these fuzzy context factors resulting in more fuzzy rules, the system will tend to get slower. In order to address this issue, requirement is to reduce the size of rule base without hampering the performance much. Goal of the proposed work is to attain scalability and high performance for the above said system. Towards this, reduction of number of rules in the rule base, of fuzzy inference system has been done using Fuzzy C Means and Genetic Algorithm. Results of reduced rule base have been compared with the results of exhaustive rule base. It has been identified that number of rules can be reduced up to considerable extent with comparable performances and acceptable level of error. © 2020 Science and Information Organization.

Fulltext

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications

Soft computing for scalability in context aware location based services

Friction and wear loss of various machining parts and pairs depend majorly on the quality of lubricants. Several types of additives are commercially used to enhance the tribological performance of a lubricant. In the present work, some novel lubricating liquids were prepared by mixing diffident additives, viz bromide, fluoride, iodide and acetate, in a commercial available SAE20W40 lubricant. Pin-on-disc investigations were performed to evaluate the effect of the prepared lubricants on wear rate and friction characteristics of mild steel and stainless steel sliding pair. Disc chamber was flooded with lubricants during testing. Fluoride was found to be the most successful additive to improve the performance of the given lubricant, whereas acetate as an additive made the base lubricant less efficient. It is believed that the strong bond stability of C–F bond during working conditions resulted in better performance of the lubricant after the addition of fluoride. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2020.

Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

Effect of some additives on tribological properties of SAE20W40 lubricant

Performance improvement of the PVT module is a very important topic in recent decades. Solar energy is a vital resource for mankind. Continuous elevation of the cell temperature of the PVT module results in a decrease in PV electrical efficiency. This review paper discusses the different techniques to cool the solar cell in order to reduce its cell temperature increasing its electrical efficiency and, also use the collected vital thermal energy to heat water (increase thermal efficiency) in a heat exchanger. A brief study on PVT/PCM and PVT/Nano-fluid system is done in this review paper. Furthermore, the PVT system is observed to be a very effective way to extract most of the available solar energy. Therefore, work must be carried out to increase their efficiency with the application of nano-fluids and phase change materials along with fins, or the use of binary nano-fluids/ nano- PCM to reduce the cost. This review paper highlights the application of PCM and nano-fluids for the effective cooling of the PV panel. © 2020 IEEE.

International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, ICE3 2020

Performance improvement of PVT module with applications of nano-fluids and phase change materials: A review

To investigate suitable model for supercritical fluid extraction of carrot seed oil, different mathematical models are selected from literature and solved using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Operating parameters such as pressure, temperature, solvent flow rate, and addition of co-solvent are varied in ranges as 200–400 bar, 50–70 °C, 5–15 g/min, and 0–10 wt\%, respectively. Solvent and solid phase mass transfer coefficients, easily accessible oil content and equilibrium constant are considered as tuning parameters to fit the model with experimental data. Oil yield is increased with pressure (400 bar) and temperature (70 °C) whereas, its value is highest at the solvent flow rate of 10 g/min, and co-solvent of 5 wt\%. Thus, these values of parameters are considered as optimum points. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

Chemical Engineering

Selection of suitable model for the supercritical fluid extraction of carrot seed oil: A parametric study

The effects of mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and sewage sludge (SS) on enhancement of biogas production were investigated under different types of sludge combinations (primary sludge PS, waste-activated sludge WAS and mixed sludge MS), varying mixing ratios of OFMSW and MS (50:50, 70:30, 80:20, 90:10, v/v) and varying total solid TS concentrations (6, 9, 12, 15%). The co-digestion of OFMSW with MS resulted in the biogas yield of 138 mL/gVS over mono-digestion of OFMSW (39 mL/gVS). Co-digestion of OFMSW + PS and OFMSW + WAS yielded biogas of 107 and 129 mL/gVS, respectively, which is less than that of OFMSW + MS (138 mL/gVS), respectively. The co-digestion of OFMSW with MS showed a 2.5 times increase in biogas yield over OFMSW digestion alone and 23% and 7% higher biogas yield than OFMSW + PS and OFMSW + WAS, respectively. The highest biogas yield of 967 mL/g VS was observed at TS concentration of 9% and OFMSW to the MS mixing ratio of 80:20, respectively. The biogas yields at different TS percentages were modelled using Gompertz and Logistic models and fitted well. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery

Optimization of process parameters for enhanced biogas yield from anaerobic co-digestion of OFMSW and bio-solids

Vibratory finishing processes are finding extensive use in multiple industries because of their ability to be able to provide a high level of surface finish. Despite their extensive applications, it is difficult to be able to develop predictive mechanism for the process, given its sensitivity to a wide range of parameters. Simultaneously, traditional computational fluid dynamics–based attempts are limited by their mesh-based Eulerian approaches from being able to simulate problems that are more complicated. Previous computational models have had limited success in correlating the roughness parameters with the predicted values. This paper extends previous research to develop a smoothed particle hydrodynamics–based Lagrangian approach to simulate key metrics of the vibratory finishing process, which can then be used to predict the surface roughness. These models were validated against experimental results from prior research as well as a new finite volume method–based model and were found to be able to provide a better model for the material removal process than previously proposed models. Finally, this research explores the effect of the various parameters on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics formulation and validates its use for simulating granular media flows. © 2020, Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.

International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology

Application of smoothed particle hydrodynamics for the simulation and analysis of vibratory finishing process

Large amount of food waste is generated from Indian kitchens and disposing off such a large amount possesses a great challenge in terms of environmental degradation and viable food waste processing technology. In this work, steam gasification was tested as an alternative viable technology to process the kitchen food waste. Preliminary study was carried out at low temperature on steam gasification in a fixed bed reactor to study the influence of steam flow rate (SFR) and temperature on the syngas yield, syngas composition, hydrogen yield. Performance parameters such as carbon conversion efficiency (CCE), and apparent thermal efficiency (ATE) are also calculated. Steam flow rates are varied from 0.125 mL/min to 0.75 mL/min and the temperatures are varied from 700 °C to 800 °C. The highest hydrogen yield is obtained at 0.5 mL/min SFR and 800 °C temperature and its highest value is 1.2 m3/kg. The highest value of performance parameters, CCE and ATE are found to be 63\% and 1.8. © 2020 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

Low temperature steam gasification to produce hydrogen rich gas from kitchen food waste: Influence of steam flow rate and temperature

The non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme has been considered as a study item in 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) for its possible use in fifth-generation new radio (5G NR) and beyond. In this paper, we explore the available scalable bandwidth feature of 5G NR and propose a hybrid NOMA-OMA scheme based downlink data transmission in 5G NR. The hybrid NOMA-OMA based seamless data transmission over the same 5G NR frame is carried out with help of different numerology factor which indirectly controls the subcarrier spacing, without affecting the conventional OMA based transmission. Performance of the proposed method in conventional 5G NR system is analyzed in terms of the average bit error rate (BER) and ergodic capacity performance for various modulation schemes. The results are illustrated for different μ used in 5G NR specifications. Moreover, the obtained results are corroborated with the analytically obtained expressions. © 2020 IEEE.