Electrical Engineering

<p>Shiv Nadar University is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, research-focused, and student-centric University offering a full range of academic programs at the undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral level. With state-of-the-art infrastructure, the University comprises of academic wings, sophisticated labs, international standard sports facilities, amphitheaters, auditorium, conference rooms and smart classrooms. The University&rsquo;s goal is to become internationally recognized for the quality of its research and creative endeavors and their applicability to improving quality of life, generating new insights and expanding the boundaries of human knowledge creativity. Committed to excellence in teaching, research and service, the University aims to serve the higher education needs of India and the world beyond.</p>

Shiv Nadar University

In this paper, a new approach to design an antenna for low radar cross section (RCS) application using microstrip technology is developed. For this purpose, a rectangular patch antenna with rotated C-shaped slot for impedance matching, circular shaped slot in the center of the patch along with Complementary Split Ring Resonator (CSRR) is designed. To achieve a better reduction in the RCS at the desired central frequency, the radiating edges of the antenna are loaded with stepped impedance resonator, as levelled edges of the radiating surfaces contribute to an increased RCS. The antenna radiates at 2.3GHz, has an impedance bandwidth of 44.2MHz and a gain of 4.47dBi. The monostatic RCS is -24.77dBsm at the radiating frequency. Results show that loading the radiating edges with stepped impedance resonator and the addition of the planar metamaterials aid in the reduction of the RCS of the antenna. © 2021 IEEE.

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(SoE) School of Engineering

2021 6th International Conference for Convergence in Technology, I2CT 2021

Low RCS Antenna Loaded with Stepped Impedance Resonator and Metamaterials

Reinforcement learning, a sub-field of Machine Learning has been garnering lot of research attention lately. It helps create intelligent agents that can incrementally learn optimal strategies for challenging environments by interacting with it. Such agents are best suited for solving problems like traffic congestion, which demand solutions that cater to dynamic changes in the traffic throughput. Intelligent transportation systems which use deep reinforcement learning can adapt to varying traffic demands and learn to maintain reduced congestion. In this paper, we propose a solution approach to use Double Deep Q Networks for traffic signal control of varied traffic flows in an isolated intersection. To improve the stability of our proposed method we have used target networks, delayed updates and experience replay mechanisms. We evaluate the performance of our method on different time-varying traffic flows and find that our method learns a robust and optimal strategy which reduces vehicle waiting time and queue length significantly. Our method achieved superior performance compared to traditional traffic signal control strategies. The method has been trained and evaluated through simulations of road networks created on Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO). © 2021 IEEE

Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks, SPIN 2021

Intelligent Traffic Control using Double Deep Q Networks for time-varying Traffic Flows

<p>With the advent of rapid advancements in the energy storage technologies and in harnessing the renewable resources, a variety of mix of “Problem formulation techniques” and “Solution methodologies” have emerged for scheduling the power generation in Grid integrated environment. Multiple constituent attributes and their combinations thereof define the nature of Unit Commitment problem formulation in a complex way. An attempt has been made in this paper to consolidate the available research efforts, spanning over about past two decades, so as to unravel the rising complexities in developing the unit commitment formulation in this rapidly evolving green energy era. The prevailing unit commitment models have been thoroughly reviewed on the bases of deployment of different combinations of features like objective functions, constraints, optimization techniques, types of renewable generation, and types of storage. This review work presents, in a categorized manner, the viewpoints on problem formulation as well as on the solution methodologies. Further, a novel Unit Commitment model has been proposed by the authors wherein modeling details of each of them have been presented in a conscientious manner. The proposed model is unique as the battery charge/ discharge decision making has been included as a co-optimization problem with the existing Unit Commitment problem. The superiority of the proposed model has also been reported. © 2021 John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd</p>

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

Unit commitment problem in renewable integrated environment with storage: A review

In this study, a C3-symmetric star-shaped discotic mesogen has been reported based on an electron-deficient tris(triazole) central rigid core functionalized with three peripheral trialkoxyphenyl units. The mesogen exhibits an enantiotropic columnar hexagonal (Colh) phase that can sustain over a significant temperature range. When used in space-charge limited current (SCLC) devices, it showed ambipolar charge transport behavior with high electron mobility (μe) of 1.61 × 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 at ambient temperature. The finding is sufficiently significant to warrant their use in organic electronic devices. © The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Journal of Materials Chemistry C

An electron-deficient tris(triazole)-based discotic liquid crystal that exhibits fast electron transport

Hydrogen (H)-bondedC3symmetrical discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) (Hpz-Cn-TP,n= 6, 8, 9) forming segregated columnar assembly are described. The columnar architectures are formed by electronically decoupled donor (D) (triphenylene) and acceptor (A) (heptazine) units linked through complementary H-bonding. Unlike triazine, tris(triazolyl)triazine and tris-benzimidazolyl benzene which have been explored in depth to form H-bonded DLCs, a new heptazine core has been explored, herein, for the first time to develop functional supramolecular materials of technological importance. AmongHpz-Cn-TPcomplexes, bothHpz-C8-TPandHpz-C9-TPshowed ambipolar charge transport with the former demonstrating a maximum hole mobility of 1.60 cm2V−1s−1and the latter showing a maximum electron mobility of 2.90 × 10−3cm2V−1s−1, measured through the space-charge limited current technique. Not only discrete conduction channels but also highly preorganized homeotropically aligned conduction pathways are observed in the reported complexes, resulting in efficient ambipolar charge transport. The adopted H-bonded synthetic approach does not only contribute to the electronic decoupling of D and A units but also offer an easy synthetic route to achieve DLC materials with high purity that have widespread use in commercial organic electronics. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021.

Enabling efficient ambipolar charge carrier mobility in a H-bonded heptazine-triphenylene system forming segregated donor-acceptor columnar assemblies

In this work, a new simulation approach of transient analysis on single cavity dielectric-modulated (DM) p-type of tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) is examined for biosensing applications. The device operation and performance are investigated using the 2D device simulator and results are well-calibrated with experimental data. In this work, we have examined DC transfer characteristics, the transient response of drain current, drain current sensitivity (S), and selectivity (Δ S). Focussing more on the transient results, we have obtained maximum sensitivity of orders greater than 108 for APTES biomolecule with respect to air and a significant selectivity value in orders of 103 for APTES with respect to Biotin biomolecule. The performance of the device in terms of selectivity can be further improved (104) by optimizing the back-gate bias, and therefore, the impact of back-gate bias has been analysed. The results for charged biomolecules and partially filled cavity are further investigated highlighted. The DM p-TFET biosensor shows a significant improvement in the results with the transient response for biosensing applications with the feasibility of operating at low voltages (gate voltage of-2.0 V, drain voltage of-0.5 V and back gate voltage 0 to 0.5 V). © 2001-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Sensors Journal

A New Simulation Approach of Transient Response to Enhance the Selectivity and Sensitivity in Tunneling Field Effect Transistor-Based Biosensor

This work considers the 5G new radio (5G-NR) frame structure through the 3GPP channel model in Rural-Macro (RMa) scenario. A graph-based channel-coding scheme to ensure data-security to the intended user/destination in a MIMO-cooperative communication network in presence of an external passive eavesdropper is proposed. For this purpose, two graphs: mathcal{G} {M}( mathrm{V} {M}, mathcal{E} {M}, mathrm{W} {M}) , mathcal{G} {E}( mathrm{V} {E}, mathcal{E} {E}, mathrm{W} {E}) corresponding to the source-relay-destination, source-relay-eavesdropper are considered in MIMO-channels environment respectively. The channel coding scheme, based on the inverse graph Fourier transformation (IGFT) of the mathcal{G} {M} , is proposed to create increased bit/symbol errors at the eavesdropper along with the MIMO-diversity gain at the main user. The GFT of mathcal{G} {M} based postcoder is used at the destination to detect the transmitted symbols whereas GFT of mathcal{G} {E} with/without postcoder at the eavesdropper is used to estimates the signal. Physical layer security (PLS) scheme based on the difference of BERs between destination and the eavesdropper is proposed. © 2021 IEEE.

Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE 18th India Council International Conference, INDICON 2021

Graph-Based Channel-Aware Secure-Coding for Cooperative Communication

In this paper, the maximum power point (MPP) of a photovoltaic (PV) source is estimated using the proposed explicit current-voltage (I- V) expression. The conversion of implicit expression of current to explicit expression of I-V equation is carried out using Maclaurin series expansion. The explicit I-V function of the PV module is validated with the I-V characteristics obtained from an implicit expression by considering various types of modules. The MPP of a PV module is estimated from the proposed explicit function of an I-V relationship under uniform and non-uniform conditions using MATLAB program. The MPP of a module under different solar irradiance conditions estimated using the proposed method is compared with the MPP obtained using other different existing methods. The results show that not only the calculated MPP of a module is close to the actual MPP values but also the computational time to obtain the MPP is less. The percentage (%) of deviation of calculated maximum power obtained by using the proposed technique compared to experimentally obtained maximum power is minimal. Also, the accuracy of the method, which is proposed here, is used and verified to calculate the global MPP of a PV system under different shading patterns. IEEE

IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion

A Novel Approach for Direct MPP Estimation of a PV Module Under Different Irradiation Conditions

This work brings an innovative design of a flyswatter shaped antenna for an 8-element linear array with Butler Matrix (BM) as the beamforming network and also proposes four port cross-over. The proposed flyswatter shaped antenna resonates at a frequency of 2.4 GHz. The results of all components (such as quadrature couplers, crossovers, phase shifters) used to realize the design of beam forming network are presented. The proposed cross-over has insertion loss close to 2dB. The 8-element linear array is integrated on FR-4 substrate $\left(\varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}}=4.3 \quad \text { and } \quad \text { height }=1.6 \quad \mathrm{~mm}\right)$ with BM based beamforming network to produces eight different beams at $-55^{\circ},-36,-21^{\circ},-7^{\circ}, 55^{\circ}, 36,21^{\circ}$, and 7°. The reflection coefficients and isolation at respective ports are less than -15 dB at the operating frequency and side lobes of radiation pattern are sufficiently low. This technique finds applications in IEEE 802.11 WLAN, lower frequency bands of 5 G and LTE, and wearable devices. © 2021 IEEE.

2021 2nd Global Conference for Advancement in Technology, GCAT 2021

Flyswatter Shaped Antenna for 8 Element Beam Forming Network utilizing Butler Matrix

A new X-type, structurally twisted, highly soluble TAB-BODIPY based electron acceptor (BDY) is designed and synthesized. Organic solar devices are fabricated using poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) as donor polymer and BDY as an electron acceptor. A promising power conversion efficiency of 4.46% is obtained for this new class of acceptor, which is the first-ever reported on TAB-BODIPY as a non-fullerene acceptor in organic solar cells. © 2021 International Solar Energy Society