Electrical Engineering

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The generation of terahertz radiation using photoconductive antennas is becoming very popular. Several experimental and simulation studies have been performed to study the characteristics of the photoconductive antenna (PCA). Although various methods have been proposed to increase the radiated power from it, the radiated power remains very low. In this paper, we present an analytical study of improving the radiated power from a large aperture PCA using an external magnetic field source. The transit time behavior of the carriers is computed using the basic semiconductor carrier dynamics model, including the transient mobilities with the dependencies on the electric field and carrier's concentration. Analytical studies show that substantial enhancement in the radiated field can be achieved when such external magnetic field is applied. Furthermore, the polarity of the radiated field depends on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. The results obtained from analytical calculations exhibit similar behavior as reported in some experimental results. © 2017 IEEE.

(SoE) School of Engineering

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IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques

Magnetic Field-Assisted Radiation Enhancement from a Large Aperture Photoconductive Antenna

In this paper a wide band planar antenna is proposed. Two dumbbell shape antennas are designed using with and without slots. Each element resonates at 5.2GHz and radiates in broadside direction. The return loss of type-l antenna is 17dB with impedance bandwidth of 458MHz and return loss of type-2 antenna is 29dB with impedance bandwidth of 395MHz. This wide bandwidth is achieved by using staggered tuning, resulting from antenna element spacing and low impedance microstrip line for connecting the elements. © 2018 IEEE.

2018 3rd International Conference for Convergence in Technology, I2CT 2018

Dumbbell Shape Antenna for MIMO Applications

A method for detection of Staphylococcus Aureus using a RF Microelectromechanical systems based biological sensor is proposed in this manuscript. The sensor was structured in two ways, one is based on CPW (coplanar waveguide) and the other is based on DMTL (distributed micro-electromechanical systems based transmission line). The bacteria chosen for study are Staphylococcus aureus which were modelled as a spherical-shell structure derived from their electrical properties. Initially the coplanar waveguide model was used. The scattering parameters were examined and found to deviate with the increase in the amount of bacterial cells placed on the waveguide. Furthermore, the DMTL was designed by introducing equally spaced nickel bridges over CPW. Improvement in the quality factor of resonant peaks was observed through the study of its reflection coefficients and therefore helps associate the amount of bacterial cells to the change in resonant frequency. © 2018 IEEE.

2018 International Conference On Advances in Communication and Computing Technology, ICACCT 2018

A Distributed MEMS Based Biosensor for Detection of Staphylococcus Aureus

In this paper, we report on the influence of surface (donor and acceptor) states and interface charges on the formation of 2-D electron gas (2DEG) in MgZnO/ZnO heterostructure grown by sputtering. Donor and acceptor states alone cannot yield an order of magnitude higher value of 2DEG as observed by sputtering growth as compared to epitaxial techniques. While surface donor states are reported to govern the formation of 2DEG in epitaxially grown heterostructures, our simulations suggest a non-negligible contribution of surface acceptor states in the 2DEG density. In addition, the existence of interface charges due to high defect density along with appropriate values of donor and acceptor states is essential to accurately predict an order of magnitude higher 2DEG density grown by sputtering. This paper analyzes the distinct roles of donor and acceptor states along with interface charges in 2DEG formation and achieved values. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices

Role of Surface States and Interface Charges in 2DEG in Sputtered ZnO Heterostructures

This work reports on the formation of high-density (∼1013-1014 cm-2) two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in ZnO-based heterostructures, grown by a dual ion beam sputtering system. We probe 2DEG in bilayer MgZnO/ZnO and capped ZnO/MgZnO/ZnO heterostructures utilizing MgZnO barrier layers with varying thickness and Mg content. The effect of the ZnO cap layer thickness on the ZnO/MgZnO/ZnO heterostructure is also studied. Hall measurements demonstrate that the addition of a 5 nm ZnO cap layer results in an enhancement of the 2DEG density by about 1.5 times compared to 1.11 1014 cm-2 for the uncapped bilayer heterostructure with the same 30 nm barrier thickness and 30 at.% Mg composition in the barrier layer. From the low-temperature Hall measurement, the sheet carrier concentration and mobility are both found to be independent of the temperature. The capacitance-voltage measurement suggests a carrier density of ∼1020 cm-3, confined in 2DEG at the MgZnO/ZnO heterointerface. The results presented are significant for the optimization of 2DEG for the eventual realization of cost-effective and large-area MgZnO/ZnO-based high-electron-mobility transistors. © 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics

Two-dimensional electron gases in MgZnO/ZnO and ZnO/MgZnO/ZnO heterostructures grown by dual ion beam sputtering

Dams provide us with a wide range of social, economic, environmental benefits by helping us in controlling the flow of water, generating hydroelectric power, flood control, waste management, navigational purposes and act as habitats for aquatic life. India has progressed a lot in the construction of dams and water reservoirs after Independence and now we are among the best dam builders in the world. We have around 4300 dams in India and many more are already under the process of construction. But even today most of these dams use the conventional methods of dam management for controlling the dam gates and dam maintenance. In the current fast paced modern world where we are trying to automate all the processes around us, it's high time that we revamp the management of our dams using Internet of Things. In this paper we have proposed and implemented a novel idea of automating the process of dam management from collecting the data of water level to control the dam gates. This idea will help us to streamline the control of dams throughout the country and reduce the manpower for dam maintenance. © 2018 IEEE.

Proceedings of the 8th International Advance Computing Conference, IACC 2018

Real Time Monitoring and Controlling of Water Level in Dams using IoT

Static metrics are often used to characterize read stability and write-ability of an SRAM cell. In this paper, two major dynamic SRAM metrics: critical read stability (TREAD) and critical writeability (TWRITE) are discussed and correlated with static metrics. For correlation between dynamic and static metrics, variability analysis is carried out at time-zero and after NBTI degradation of the SRAM cell. Shift in correlation factor is compared for before and after NBTI degradation. Assessment of correlation between dynamic and static metrics is used to identify those static metrics which best capture the dynamic behavior of the cell. © 2018 IEEE.

Proceedings - 2018 IEEE 4th International Symposium on Smart Electronic Systems, iSES 2018

Correlation of dynamic and static metrics of SRAM cell under time-zero variability and after NBTI degradation

Fuzzy logic based controllers for various applications have been largely acknowledged due to their robust performance and model-free characteristics. Popularity of induction motors in major industrial applications has inspired the application of Fuzzy logic based controllers in control industrial drives. This paper presents the study of different topologies of Fuzzy logic based controller for the speed control of induction motors. The analysis is being done in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The performance of the controllers has been compared with conventional PI controller for different operating conditions and results has been presented. © 2017 IEEE.

Proceedings of 2017 IEEE International Conference on Technological Advancements in Power and Energy: Exploring Energy Solutions for an Intelligent Power Grid, TAP Energy 2017

Fuzzy logic controller performance in vector control of induction machine

Vehicles are able to access Internet via cellular networks GPRS/UMTS/LTE. The IEEE has also released 802.11p standard for vehicle ad hoc network (VANET) that can connect vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) using a dedicated spectrum. Other prominent wireless technology is Wi-Fi (IEEE802.11) that is used as an alternative for short distances. Currently vehicular communication relies on single type of wireless network, e.g., for safety applications utilizes 802.11p and for infotainment applications, Internet is accessed via cellular networks. Wi-Fi technology is always an attractive solution for increase in data demand in mobile network because high data rate can be achieved with low cost. In order to improve network performance and to reduce the data transfer cost and time, Wi-Fi is used as complementary network to deliver data that was transmitted via cellular network. Communication through above two different networks is called heterogeneous vehicular network (HVN). Frequent switching occurs from one network to other particularly when vehicle moves across overlapping heterogeneous network. Such switching is called vertical handover (VHO). Efficient VHO is needed to minimize the data transfer cost and time. Three cases have been considered in this paper, first Cellular network interworking with Wi-Fi with fixed inter-distance between Wi-Fi Access points (AP), second with statistical inter-distance between Wi-Fi-APs in urban, semi-urban, and rural areas, and third the combination of cellular, Wi-Fi, and VANET which outperforms compared to above two cases. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2018.

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

Cost-effective vertical handoff strategies in heterogeneous vehicular networks

Vehicular communication is a part of intelligent transport system (ITS) which provides an intelligent way of transport to avoid accidents. Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication (V2V) is carried out through Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET). This paper discusses about the MAC (Media Access Control) layer protocol, features of IEEE802.11p standard, and the handover protocol problems it is facing. Due to vehicle high speed and the non-homogeneous structure of the network infrastructure, support of connectivity by VANET is still a challenging task. In this paper, a vertical handover algorithm has been analyzed using vehicle speed, and the results have been supported by simulation. © 2018, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.