Center for Environmental Sciences & Engineering

<p>Shiv Nadar University is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, research-focused, and student-centric University offering a full range of academic programs at the undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral level. With state-of-the-art infrastructure, the University comprises of academic wings, sophisticated labs, international standard sports facilities, amphitheaters, auditorium, conference rooms and smart classrooms. The University&rsquo;s goal is to become internationally recognized for the quality of its research and creative endeavors and their applicability to improving quality of life, generating new insights and expanding the boundaries of human knowledge creativity. Committed to excellence in teaching, research and service, the University aims to serve the higher education needs of India and the world beyond.</p>

Shiv Nadar University

Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a dynamic soil property that represents the key component of the forest ecosystems. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate SOC using the remote sensing images as well as field methods at Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve Forest area. The soil samples were collected randomly from the region at several field locations, to estimate the surface soil carbon concentrations in the laboratory. The study derived results for bare soil index, NDVI, SOC and relationship of SOC with NDVI using regression analysis, while comparing reference SOC (field measured SOC) and predicted SOC (estimated from satellite image). The remote sensing images were used to predict the precise carbon content associated with organic matter in the soil using NDVI and related equations, to prepare digital soil organic carbon map. The relationship between the NDVI and both reference/predicted SOC is established using the equation to derive the digital SOC for the study area using remote sensing data. The statistical relationship between reference SOC, pH concentrations, and NDVI values were presented against the predicted SOC to provide the variation between each variable. © 2015 National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences.

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Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science

Estimation of accumulated soil organic carbon stock in tropical forest using geospatial strategy

Water is the natural resource which is facing the problems like scarcity, overexploitation etc. It needs the immediate actions to be conserved and managed. Watershed provides a natural unit to provide the better management and development of an area in terms of executing development plans. Watershed management leads to development of the area along with uplifting the standard of living for all beings. In the present study, the Water Resource Development Plan (WRDP) has been prepared using the merged orthoproduct of LISS-IV and Cartosat-1D by considering the various criteria. €e watershed approach depends on the various factors of area i.e. land capability, soil depth, landuse/landcover, slope, drainage and soil erosion which are taken in to consideration for the present study. By creating and following the decision rules for di„erent conservation structures, the WGKKC2 watershed was partitioned in Continuous Contour Trenching (CCT), Earthen Nala Bunds (ENB), Cement Nala Bunds (CNB), Loose Boulder Structure (LBS) and Gully Plugs (GP). €e weighted overlay analysis and spatial query has been used for zonation of the watershed, in which the di„erent themes have been assigned a particular weightage by considering their contribution to reach the goal. €e conservation structure zoning provides the better use of natural resources and conserving both soil and water resources. © 2017 by Taylor & Francis Group.

Geospatial Technology for Water Resource Applications

Geospatial technology for water resource development in WGKKC2 watershed

Improving and maintaining productivity of eucalypt plantations in India and Australia

Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops

Influence of variability and association on essential oil content of German chamomile (Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert)

Problems of river bank and in-stream erosion are very common in most of the rivers in India and abroad. Various attempts have been made to overcome excessive erosion by constructing river training works. Porcupine systems are one of the novel techniques which have been adopted as a cost-effective method of river training. In this paper, the effect of porcupines on the velocity of flow and their ability to capture sediment has been investigated experimentally. Also, an attempt has been made to logically study the pattern of deposition caused by various configurations of Porcupine field layout and hence to propose a preliminary design methodology. Results show that there is a considerable reduction in the flow velocity resulting in the deposition of sediment with porcupines offering resistance to flow. © 2015 Indian Society for Hydraulics.

ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

Riverbank protection with Porcupine systems: Development of rational design methodology

In the past decades, climate change (CC) has become a consistent global threat and research challenge, and there is rising concern that CC will alter a wide spectrum of drivers that are likely to impact our continental and global hydrological domains both in terms of natural and socioeconomic processes. Responding to the challenge of global CC, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established in 1988 and in a special report published special emission scenarios (SRES), of which the A1B and B1 scenarios are considered as the most likely ones. Therefore, they have been evaluated in the BRAHMATWINN project. © Springer India 2015.

Applied Geoinformatics for Sustainable Integrated Land and Water Resources Management (Ilwrm) in the Brahmaputra River Basin: Results From the Ec-Project Brahmatwinn

Introduction

Crop productivity is a major concern all over the world to provide food security, resulting in the green revolution. It is noteworthy that the fertilizer implemented to farmland leads to more desirable cropping patterns. Utilization of agricultural land efficiently for the crop production requires the knowledge of the nutrient inconsistency. This paper has presented the power of geomatics, to retrieve the synoptic and substantial changes in cropping pattern. Results and interpretations lead to the evaluation of the contemporaneous cropping systems. After a major yield parameter scrutiny for crops (rice, wheat, sugarcane, and onion), the magnificent accelerations were suggested. Results demonstrated a correlation r2 value of 0.834 with the estimated crop yield and normalized difference vegetation index. The Rice Equivalent Yield (REY) is highest at the range of 17-21 t/ha in the North, central and southern lower part, lowest at the western part ranging from 7-12 t/ha, with some part with 12-14 t/ha, while the most of the eastern part of the study site has shown the REY values ranging from 14 to 17 t/ha. The surveyed information, such as pH, electical conductivity, and organic carbon of the soil specimen, was used to examine the spatial discrepancies of rice-based cropping system's productivity. Ultimately, the spatial-temporal maps of fertilization pattern, yield parameters (e.g., N, P, and K), and relational REY observation were illustrated using spatial interpolation. © 2015 IEEE.

IEEE Sensors Journal

Geospatial approach to assess the impact of nutrients on rice equivalent yield using MODIS sensors'-based MOD13Q1-NDVI data

An attempt has been made to assess the dynamics of land use land cover change (LULCC) in the study area. LANDSAT-5 TM, IRS-1C LISS III, IRS-P6 LISS III images of 1987, 1997 and 2007, respectively, were digitally classified for land use land cover (LULC) mapping. The dynamics of LULCC critically analyzed for the two time periods 1987–1997 and 1997–2007. The LULCC analyzed in terms of quantity of change and allocation of change. Relative changes; gross gains, gross losses and persistence; net change and swap changes of LULC of the study area examined carefully. The study provided a better understanding of the LULCC pattern. The total change during (1987–1997) was 68.40% and during (1997–2007) was 80.12%. Major exchanges of areas are in between degraded forest and built up land followed by dense forest and degraded forest. Others dominant systematic transitions are: degraded forest to built up land; dense forest to degraded forest; agricultural land to built up; degraded forest to land with or without scrub; land with or without scrub to built up; and in between river and sandy area. The transformation from forest to built up land especially built-up area constitutes a large percentage of the total landscape. The direct beneficiaries of this research will include resource managers and regional planners as well as others scientific community. © 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Environments - MDPI

Critical assessment of land use land cover dynamics using multi-temporal satellite images

Contamination by any substance takes place through air, water or soil and causes serious effects on flora and fauna of the regions. Air-transmitted pollutants spread in a faraway place from emission points of the pollutant source via wind (speed and direction as causing factors). Fluoride is one the pollutant generated in aluminium industries which is harmful to human and plants in excess concentration. This study focuses on the use of spatial interpolation methods for assessment of fluoride concentration around aluminium industries. The samples were collected from different test sites in the study area to investigate the fluoride concentration level. The test sites include several locations such as industrial unit, river site, residential and distant villages. Then, the collected samples were used to predict the overall fluoride concentration in the entire study area. The aim of the study was to evaluate the spatial variation and presence of fluoride concentration in the surroundings of the aluminium industries. Geostatistical interpolation modelling was applied to assess the prediction of fluoride contamination for other non-sampling points using the direction and distance method of empirical Bayesian kriging (EBK) modelling. Thus, geospatial modelling was used to predict the contamination of fluoride around the study area to create environmental awareness. In particular, this study assesses the fluoride pollutant concentration which might become dangerous with slowly increasing concentration against its standard concentration, which will severely impact the human health. In overall, EBK can provide valuable information regarding the fluoride concentration on possible level of fluoride in concern to public health. © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Environmental Earth Sciences

Modelling spatial variation of fluoride pollutant using geospatial approach in the surrounding environment of an aluminium industries

This study was conducted to analyze the impact of fluoride in the anthropogenic condition in an industrial region promoting and affecting the health of the workers. Fluoride is toxic to humans in high concentrations, such as can occur in persons working in fluoride-containing mineral industries like aluminum industries. When workers are exposed to fluoride-containing minerals, they can suffer from a variety of health problems, such as dental disease. This paper presents the relationship of different clinical conditions correlated against the fluoride level. Contributing clinical aspects, such as morbidity, dysentery, overcrowding, and skin disease, are also studied to assess the consequences of fluoride upon consistent exposure. The relationship between pH and hardness of water with fluoride was measured, and then spatial maps were generated. The investigations resulted in a conclusion that hardness of water had a more pronounced impact on the level of fluoride concentration as compared with pH. Water with more hardness contains more fluoride concentration (25 mg/ml) as compared with soft water (4 mg/ml). This paper also revealed the concentration of fluoride content in the bodies of aluminum plant workers, which varied from 0.06 to 0.17 mg/L of blood serum in the case of pot room workers and 0.01 to 0.04 mg/L in the case of non-pot room workers. In fingernails, it varied from 0.09 to 3.77 mg/L and 0.39 to 1.15 mg/L in the case of pot room and non-pot room workers, respectively. In urine, it varied from 0.53 to 9.50 mg/L in pot room workers and 0.29 to 1.80 mg/L in non-pot room workers. This paper concluded that water was safe for drinking purposes if it has a low hardness (60-140 mg/ml) and pH (7.1-7.4). © 2013 IEEE.