(SoE) School of Engineering

<p>Shiv Nadar University is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, research-focused, and student-centric University offering a full range of academic programs at the undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral level. With state-of-the-art infrastructure, the University comprises of academic wings, sophisticated labs, international standard sports facilities, amphitheaters, auditorium, conference rooms and smart classrooms. The University&rsquo;s goal is to become internationally recognized for the quality of its research and creative endeavors and their applicability to improving quality of life, generating new insights and expanding the boundaries of human knowledge creativity. Committed to excellence in teaching, research and service, the University aims to serve the higher education needs of India and the world beyond.</p>

Shiv Nadar University

Abstract: The emerging demand of natural indigo dye due to the environmental and sociological concerns imparted by the synthetic dye helps in leveraging the conventional natural indigo dye production process in many developing countries, including India. Despite having remarkable global market potential, the high price of natural indigo dye impedes its extensive commercialization. Therefore, in the present study, the economics of natural indigo dye is evaluated through life cycle cost (LCC) analysis by considering the traditional indigo dye production process in India using the plant biomass Indigofera tinctoria L. The life cycle model includes cultivation of Indigofera biomass, as well as the production and processing of indigo dye and the cost involved in each step. Along with the detailed cost analysis, the present study also includes socio-economic analysis and possibilities of cost reduction based on the outcome of sensitivity analysis. From the LCC analysis, the life cycle cost of Indigofera biomass cultivation is $420.74 ha−1 year−1, whereas the indigo dye production cost is $113 ton−1 of Indigofera biomass. For an annual dye production of 1000 tons, the present study estimated the economic stabilization of rural farmers and labours by an annual employment generation of 196,250 man-days year−1 and 12,50,000 man-days year−1, respectively. By sensitivity analysis, the raw material price was identified as the major contributor in the total indigo dye production cost. As a cost reduction measure, the combination of biomass yield (70 tons) and reduction in the biomass production cost (50\%) was found to be suitable. Utilization of by-product generated from the dye industry into value-added products could contribute towards a cost reduction of 22\% in the Indigofera biomass cultivation and a cost saving of $37.4 ton−1 of biomass in the indigo dye production cost. Graphic Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

World University root node

Civil Engineering

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy

Life cycle cost analysis of natural indigo dye production from Indigofera tinctoria L. plant biomass: a case study of India

Unsafe road crossing behavior by pedestrians is a main contributing factor of pedestrian casualties. Data from 2006 to 2012 in Delhi, India, show that pedestrians have the largest share in total road fatalities. Although facilities such as underpasses and overpasses are often provided to help cross a road, most often, pedestrians do not use them. Pedestrian perceptions play an important role in the use of such facilities. This study examined the relationship between actual crash risk and perceived risk for selecting crossing facilities by pedestrians. The road crossing preferences of pedestrians were analyzed for midblocks, intersections, and locations with a flyover where overpasses and underpasses are provided for road crossing. Responses covering safety and convenience of using specific facilities from one thousand pedestrians were collected through a structured questionnaire on selected locations. A path analysis model, i.e., a special case of structural equation modeling, was developed for analyzing the data. Results show that an inverse relationship exists between actual and perceived crash risks. Crossing behavior in midblocks was found to mediate this relationship. At locations with a flyover, the perspective of convenience was significantly related to the actual crash risk. This study identifies the potentially useful roles that pedestrian perceptions of risk and preferences in road crossing can play in avoiding actual crashes involving pedestrians. Pedestrians’ demographics was also analyzed with perceived risks and preferences for road crossing. From a policy standpoint, the relationships identified between actual and perceived risk and the built environment features of road crossing provide useful information for transportation planners, city planners and engineers. Since perceived risk influences travel behavior, it is important to study influence of perceived crash risk for pedestrians. Proactive interventions are required at the locations with low crash rates as the perceived risk by pedestrians is quite high at these places. This is in addition to the measures required at the locations associated with high actual crash risk faced by pedestrians though these locations are having low perceived crash risk. © 2020 Hong Kong Society for Transportation Studies

Travel Behaviour and Society

Influence of actual and perceived risks in selecting crossing facilities by pedestrians

Communication using mediums like video and audio is essential for a lot of professions. In this paper, interaction with realtime audio transmission is looked upon using the tools in the domains of IoT and machine learning. Two transport layer protocols-TCP and UDP are examined for audio transmission quality. Further, different RNN models are examined for their efficiency in predicting music and being used as a substitute in case of loss of packets during transmission. © 2020 The Twenty-Fifth AAAI/SIGAI Doctoral Consortium (AAAI-20). All Rights Reserved.

Computer Science and Engineering

AAAI 2020 - 34th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence

MUSIC COLLAB: An IoT and ML Based Solution for Remote Music Collaboration

We introduce the notion of TMPS: Ticket-Mediated Password Strengthening, a technique for allowing users to derive keys from passwords while imposing a strict limit on the number of guesses of their password any attacker can make, and strongly protecting the users’ privacy. We describe the security requirements of TMPS, and then a set of efficient and practical protocols to implement a TMPS scheme, requiring only hash functions, CCA2-secure encryption, and blind signatures. We provide several variant protocols, including an offline symmetric-only protocol that uses a local trusted computing environment, and online variants that use group signatures or stronger trust assumptions instead of blind signatures. We formalize the security of our scheme by defining an ideal functionality in the Universal Composability (UC) framework, and by providing game-based definitions of security. We prove that our protocol realizes the ideal functionality in the random oracle model (ROM) under adaptive corruptions with erasures, and prove that security with respect to the ideal/real definition implies security with respect to the game-based definitions. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)

TMPS: Ticket-mediated password strengthening

Carbon dioxide permeation studies were conducted on polyether-sulfone (PES) microspheres fabricated using phase-inversion technique by loading various amine-functionalized imidazolium cation ILs with a common anion bis-trifluoromethylsulfonylamide ([TF2N]−) on PES-polymer matrix. The cations include: Aminopropyl-butyl-imidazolium [APBIM], Diethyl-aminoethyl-imidazolium [DEAEBIM], Diaminopropyl-butyl-imidazolium [DMAPBIM]. Breakthrough adsorption of CO2 and CH4 was studied with a feed composition of 20\% CO2, 20\% CH4 and 60\% N2 by weight (4.835 mmol/L of CO2, 13.296 mmol/L of CH4 and 22.794 mmol/L of N2), at flow rates of 22 and 36 mL/min (superficial gas velocities are 0.29 cm/s and 0.47 cm/s). Among the ILs studied, [APBIM] showed maximum CO2 permeation. Results indicate that pore size and porosity are crucial for better CO2 absorption and need of further modification to microspheres morphology. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Chemical Engineering

Adsorption

Ionic liquid loaded polyether sulfone microspheres for CO2 separation

Two tubular microreactor geometries—straight tube reactor (STR) and coil flow inverter reactor (CFIR)—are numerically studied with unmixed feed condition for the synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(styrene) by free radical polymerization. A new transformation rendering model dimensionless in terms of concentration is used during computational fluid dynamics modeling. For decoupled case of constant fluid thermo-physical properties (FTPP) (density, viscosity, and thermal conductivity), significant differences between the two types of reactor are observed. CFIR is found to achieve higher number-average chain lengths (DPn) while keeping polydispersity index (PDI) lower compared to STR. For the case of coupled FTPP variables with conversion (XM) and temperature, XM and DPn are found to have similar trends as in decoupled case but have systematically higher values while PDI values follows a different trend. CFIR is found to show better mixing compared to STR under similar conditions, thus allowing a better control over PDI under unmixed feed condition. An anomalous case of increased mixing in STR at low diffusion coefficient for coupled case is also observed. Overall, the importance of modeling the coupled case is clearly emphasized. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Fulltext

Macromolecular Theory and Simulations

Numerical Investigations of Different Tubular Microreactor Geometries for the Synthesis of Polymers under Unmixed Feed Condition

This paper presents, the effect of soil spatial variability on response of laterally loaded well foundation embedded in linear elastic soil medium. The spatial variation of elastic modulus of soil along embedment depth of the foundation is modeled using random field theory. Elastic modulus of soil is considered to be random variable that follows Log-Normal probability distribution. Monte Carlo simulation technique is used to generate various random realization of spatial variability of elastic modulus of soil. Random realization is done for different values of coefficient of variation of elastic modulus with different spatial correlation distance. A finite element model is developed for laterally loaded well foundation embedded in linear soil. The finite element model is then coupled with the random field of elastic modulus of soil to analyze effect of soil spatial variability on the response of well foundation under different values of lateral load. The results obtained from this study indicate that spatial variation of soil elastic properties has small effect on lateral response of well foundation irrespective of magnitude of lateral load. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

Effect of soil spatial variability on lateral response of well foundation embedded in linear elastic soil

Process Safety and Environmental Protection

Dr. M. Sam Mannan - Process Safety Pioneer

Neuromorphic circuits are becoming quite popular due to their ability to mimic the structure and behavior of human brain. Current research focuses on approximating spiking biological neuron behavior. Various neuron models have been proposed in the past that aid in investigating the behavior of neuronal systems mathematically. Mihalas–Niebur (MN) neuron model is one among them. In this paper log-domain based MN neuron model is implemented at 45 nm technology node. The paper studies the effects of process-temperature variations and also investigates the impact of Hot Carrier Injection (HCI), Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) on the performance of MN circuit. Average power consumption and spiking frequency are chosen as key performance measures to analyze the circuit performance before and after degradation. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2020.

Electrical Engineering

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

Investigating the impact of bti and hci on log-domain based mihalas–niebur neuron circuit

The vibration analysis of the geometrically imperfect functionally gradient (FGM) plate has been performed using hybrid higher order deformation theory. The present theory contains the nonlinear variation of thickness coordinate in in-plane and transverse displacement. The equation of motion for FGM plates are obtained through variational principle. The solution has been performed using a finite element method by employing C0 continuous isoparametric formulation with 72 DOF/element. The parametric study has been done to examine the influence of geometric configurations, volume fraction index and various modes of geometric imperfection on the vibration characteristics of the FGM plate. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.