Physics

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Shiv Nadar University

A detailed conductive atomic force microscopic investigation is carried out to directly image the electron emission behavior for nitrogen-doped diamond nanorods (N-DNRs). Localized emission measurements illustrate uniform distribution of high-density electron emission sites from N-DNRs. Emission sites coupled to nanographitic phases at the grain boundaries facilitate electron transport and thereby enhance field electron emission from N-DNRs, resulting in a device operation at low turn-on fields of 6.23 V/μm, a high current density of 1.94 mA/cm2 (at an applied field of 11.8 V/μm) and a large field enhancement factor of 3320 with a long life-time stability of 980 min. Moreover, using N-DNRs as cathodes, a microplasma device that can ignite a plasma at a low threshold field of 390 V/mm achieving a high plasma illumination current density of 3.95 mA/cm2 at an applied voltage of 550 V and a plasma life-time stability for a duration of 433 min was demonstrated. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.

World University root node

(SoNS) School of Natural Sciences

Diamond and Related Materials

Local probing of the enhanced field electron emission of vertically aligned nitrogen-doped diamond nanorods and their plasma illumination properties

A new approximate expression for the probability density function (pdf) of K-distribution is proposed. The approximate pdf is found to be in good agreement with the exact analytical closed-form expression over the desired range of scintillation index lying between 2 and 3. Employing the proposed pdf, the expression in respect of two of the QoS measures of fade probability and bit error rate (BER) valid under various modulation schemes is given. Using the generalised expression of BER, plots under ON-OFF keying and binary phase shift keying modulation schemes are shown. The resulting expressions provide a better understanding in contrast to the exact results obtained in terms of Meijer G functions. Numerical computations are carried out to demonstrate the efficacy of approximate results. © The Institution of Engineering and Technology 2018.

Computer Science and Engineering

(SoE) School of Engineering

IET Communications

New approximation for pdf of K- distribution: Analytical study of QoS parameters in free space optical communication

We consider a class of systems where N identical particles with positions q1,⋯,qN and momenta p1,⋯,pN are enclosed in a box of size L and exhibit the scaling U(Lr1,⋯,LrN)=α(L)U(r1,⋯,rN) for the associated potential energy function U(q1,⋯,qN). For these systems, we propose an efficient implementation of the Wang-Landau algorithm for evaluating thermodynamic observables involving energy and volume fluctuations in the microcanonical description and temperature and volume fluctuations in the canonical description. This requires performing the Wang-Landau simulation in a scaled box of unit size and evaluating the density of states corresponding to the potential energy part only. To demonstrate the efficacy of our approach as example systems, we consider Padmanabhan's binary star model and an ideal gas trapped in a harmonic potential within the box. © 2018 American Physical Society.

Fulltext

Physical Review E

Efficient implementation of the Wang-Landau algorithm for systems with length-scalable potential energy functions

Verhandlungen der Deutschen Physikalischen Gesellschaft

Low temperature heat capacity measurements on the mixed-valence iridate BaInIrO

In this paper we will highlight how a simple vacuum energy dominated inflection-point inflation can match the current data from cosmic microwave background radiation and predict large primordial tensor to scalar ratio, r∼O(10-3-10-2), with observable second order gravitational wave background, which can be potentially detectable from future experiments, such as DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory (DECIGO), Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (eLISA), cosmic explorer (CE) and big bang observatory (BBO).

Physical Review D

Observable tensor-to-scalar ratio and secondary gravitational wave background

Understanding the reaction mechanism of high density electrode materials for next-generation Li-ion batteries

Theoretical Exploration of Stable and Meta-Stable Li-Sn Compounds for Understanding the Reaction Mechanism of Sn Anode in Li-ion Batteries

arXiv preprint arXiv:1807.10540

Comment on" Structure Prediction of Li-Sn and Li-Sb Intermetallics for Lithium-Ion Batteries Anodes''

Despite recent advances in polybenzoxazines (PBzs), especially of sustainable origin, the lowering of the curing temperature still remains a challenge in addressing their exploration in low-temperature processing applications. Innovative iron-based catalysts which are naturally abundant, cost-effective, and with larger surface area could demonstrate a practical, economic and facile approach for the development of iron NPs-polybenzoxazine composites. Here we propose an approach to develop a composite based on smartly-capped iron nanoparticles (NPs) and agro-waste phenolic-sourced cardanol benzoxazine monomer as a one-step solution with the benefits of lowering the curing temperature and providing superparamagnetism. NPs are smartly designed with a variation in the nature of the functionality in the capping agent and are characterized by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The NPs showed a spherical shape of ∼10 nm in size with appreciable magnetic characteristics. Both iron ions and available functionalities in the capping agent endow benefits in lowering the curing temperature of cardanol benzoxazine (64 °C), and enhancing its maximum thermal stability (34 °C), as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TGA, respectively. In addition, the nature of the chemical linkages in the polybenzoxazine network and the initial growth in the molecular weight of the polymer were found to be influenced by iron NPs, as supported by FTIR, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The capping-agent-facilitated NPs distribution in the polybenzoxazine matrix was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Polymer nanocomposites even with a 5 wt\% loading of NPs showed good magnetic saturation and superparamagnetic behavior. The present work demonstrated a one-step solution with the incorporation of NPs in a benzoxazine monomer accounting for modification in the properties of polybenzoxazine composites with the benefits of magnetism. © 2018 The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Chemistry

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Sustainable one-step strategy towards low temperature curable superparamagnetic composite based on smartly designed iron nanoparticles and cardanol benzoxazine

In this letter, we consider the minimum mean-square error receiver for the generalized frequency division multiplexing system (GFDM) over frequency selective fading channels. We derive an approximate probability density function for the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio. This expression allows us to obtain a new approximate, but rather accurate formulation for the bit error probability for a M-quadrature amplitude modulation scheme. Our results resort on the pivotal properties exhibited by eigenvalues of a circulant matrix. Since the entries of the channel matrix Hch are complex Gaussian distributed, and the eigenvalues are given as a weighted sum of its entries, the joint eigenvalue distribution is also Gaussian. Comparisons of the simulated and analytical results validate our formulation and allow a quick and efficient tool to compute the bit error rate for the GFDM system. © 1997-2012 IEEE.