Electrical Engineering

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Shiv Nadar University

This paper presents, design and simulation of a re-configurable ring resonator (RRR). The resonance frequency of the resonator can be re-configure by changing the biasing of diode. Change in resonant frequency is observed in diode on and diode off condition. This resonator can be re-configure from 3.17 GHz to 6.62 GHz in diode on and off condition. The proposed RRR can be used for low phase noise oscillator design. © 2015 IEEE.

World University root node

(SoE) School of Engineering

2015 1st International Conference on Futuristic Trends in Computational Analysis and Knowledge Management, ABLAZE 2015

Re-configurable ring resonator for oscillator application

A volumetric metamaterial lens exhibiting a negative refractive index (NRI) at C-band is designed and its free-space focusing properties are experimentally verified. The designed lens employs a multilayer geometry and its unit cells are loaded using metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors and dual-arm spiral inductors in a biplanar configuration. These elements, although fully printed and without vias, provide strong reactive loading that enables a unit cell size of λ0/11 and allows the metamaterial's dispersion properties to be accurately modeled in the effectivemedium regime using an equivalent-circuit approach. It is also conducive to implementation at high frequencies, where surfacemount components are unusable. The focusing properties of the fabricated lens are confirmed for a band of frequencies around 5.0 GHz in an anechoic chamber using a free-space field probing system consisting of electrically small shielded-loop antennas affixed to a computer-controlled scanner. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

Free-Space Focusing at C-Band Using a Flat Fully Printed Multilayer Metamaterial Lens

This work explores a methodology to optimize the layout of a electro-static discharge (ESD) structures for improving the performance of low voltage swing differential amplifier (LVDS). The parasitic capacitance of ESD structures are extracted. The role of our work is to optimize the parasitic capacitance in the I/O circuit while improving the ESD robustness. The work first compares impact of capacitance in LVDS swing behaviour and it has been observed that there is a sharp fall due to charging time constant. As ESD robustness improves by increasing the ballasting behaviour while marginal increase in capacitance, there is a much better improvement in width scaling down leads to much reduction in capacitance and thus I/O circuit improvement. © 2015 IEEE.

19th International Symposium on VLSI Design and Test, VDAT 2015 - Proceedings

Methodology for optimizing ESD protection for high speed LVDS based I/Os

An enlargement of the candidate vector set of QR-least reliable layer (QR-LRL) based MIMO detector for efficient soft output generation is proposed. Previous work (Bahng et al. in IEICE Trans Commun, E89–B(10):2956–2960, 2008) shows that the QR-LRL based MIMO detector approaches hard decision output ML performance, but does not match soft output ML performance due to empty candidate vector set problem. Performance degradation is more severe when modulation order is low. Some of the previous methods have provided solutions to empty vector set (EVS) problem (Kawai et al. in IEICE Trans Commun, E88–B(1):47–57, 2005; Bahng et al. in IEICE Trans Commun, E89–B(10):2956–2960, 2008; Kim et al. in IEICE Trans Commun, E92–B(11):3512–3515, 2009), but are not efficient in terms of performance or computation complexity. In this paper, we enlarge the candidate vector set of QR-LRL detector by applying every constellation point at each layer. The proposed detector thus effectively solves the EVS problem and achieves soft ML performance while keeping the computation complexity low, especially at low modulation order. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.

Wireless Personal Communications

Mitigating Empty Vector Set Using Enlarged QRLRL-M Soft SM-MIMO Detector

We consider decentralized power control in fading multiple-access channels (MAC). When compared to a centralized MAC, solving the optimal power control for a decentralized system is difficult even for moderate number of users. Good thumb-rules for decentralized power control are available in literature, which are also asymptotically tight in the number of users. In this paper, we first derive a structural property that any optimal decentralized power control scheme must follow and use this property to suggest a modified power control scheme. Numerical results suggest that the scheme we propose outperforms the existing ones.

2015 21st National Conference on Communications, NCC 2015

Decentralized power adaptation in ergodic fading multiple access channels

This paper presents the design of printed monopole antenna for various ultra wide band wireless communication applications. Proposed antenna is designed on FR4 substrate of h=1.6mm, relative permittivity 4.4, loss tangent of 0.02, dimension 50 × 50 mm2.The gap between edge of ground plan (back side of antenna) and edge of patch is varied to get different simulated results. The proposed antenna exhibits a 10 dB impedance bandwidth from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz, which constitutes about 109.48 \%. It has been observed that proposed antennas are small in size and simple in design and fabrication but its performance is very good for UWB applications also radiates omnidirectionally over the UWB band defined by Federal Communication Commission. © 2015 ACM.

ACM International Conference Proceeding Series

Design of compact ultra wide band antenna for wireless communication system

This paper presents a temperature and supply compensated sub-threshold voltage reference generator which generates a reference voltage of 173 mV at supply voltage of 0.6 V and temperature @ 27 °C, has been designed in 45 nm CMOS technology. Variation of output voltage with temperature over a range of -25 to 85 °C is 172.88 to 173.25 mV which gives temperature coefficient of 19 ppm/°C at supply voltage of 0.6 V. The variation of output voltage with supply over a range of 0.6 to 1.0 V is 173.20 to 173.85 mV which gives line sensitivity of 0.93 \%/V at temperature 27 °C. The simulated PSRR value of the proposed circuit is approx -55 dB till 1 MHz. © 2014 IEEE.

9th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems, ICIIS 2014

Feedback driven temperature and supply compensated sub-0.5 v reference generator

Smart grid is capable to produce, distribute, and consume power in the most efficient way. This will allow more power at home and industries at low cost. To achieve above the best communication infrastructure is required to deliver reliable and economical services throughout the grid system. Smart grid can also accommodate power generation from local solar power and power generated through wind turbines. The smart grid also manages to collect data from home appliances using smart meters. It also provides intelligent controls giving more choice to consumers to how to use optimally electricity to save money and to operate electricity network efficiently and reliably. This paper attempts to review the communication and networking of smart grid which includes investigation of network architecture and communication technologies. © 2015 IEEE.

2015 International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication, ICSC 2015

Trends in smart power grid communication and networking

A recently developed frequency-modulated thermal wave imaging (FMTWI) has been applied for subsurface defect detection of jute fibre-reinforced polypropylene (PP) matrix composite. Composites are subject to manufacturing and in-service defects like voids, delamination, cracks and so on. Active thermography like lock-in thermography (LT) and pulsed thermography (PT) has been widely used for non-destructive testing of composites and laminates. FMTWI may be viewed as a superposed LT, wherein multiple frequency response is obtained through single measurement. It is very much suitable for newly developed material for which the thermal properties are not well established, thereby impeding the choice of appropriate frequency for conventional LT. In this article, FMTWI is applied to detect and characterize artificially generated subsurface defects in jute-PP composite. The measurements also show the effect of frequency on the depth of defect detection and accuracy. © The Author(s) 2013.

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

Non-destructive testing of jute-polypropylene composite using frequency-modulated thermal wave imaging

Pseudospark (PS) discharge is promising source for high brightness and high intensity electron beam pulses. In the present paper, an effort has been made to analyse the temporal behaviour of discharge current, applied voltage, plasma density in the PS discharge based PCE-Gun at different hollow cathode aperture sizes using 3-D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation code "VORPAL". The peak discharge current in the PS discharge is a function of hollow cathode dimensions. The plasma generation process by self ionization discharge is examined at different operating conditions. Argon is taken as the background neutral gas. It has been observed that the decrease in the aperture size from 8 mm to 3 mm increases the discharge current, the electron confinement time and the plasma density. © 2015, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved.