Electrical Engineering

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Shiv Nadar University

The conventional method of testing water quality is to gather samples of water manually and send to the lab to test and analyze. This method is time consuming, wastage of man power, and not economical. The water quality measuring system that we have implemented checks the quality of water in real time through various sensors (one for each parameter: pH, conductivity, temperature) to measure the quality of water. The ZigBee module in the system transfers data collected by the sensors to the microcontroller wirelessly, and a GSM module transfers wirelessly the data further from the microcontroller to the smart phone/PC. The system also has proximity sensors to alert the officials by sending a message to them via the GSM module in case someone tries to pollute the water body. This system can keep a strict check on the pollution of the water resources and be able to provide an environment for safe drinking water. © 2017 IEEE.

(SoE) School of Engineering

2017 International Conference on Computer, Communications and Electronics, COMPTELIX 2017

Real-time water quality monitoring system using Internet of Things

Photoconductive antennas (PCA) are becoming very popular sources for the generation of Terahertz (THz) radiation. Various studies have been reported in the literature to understand the different physics involved in the operation of PCA. However, the effect of the near fields on the radiated THz from PCA is not analyzed adequately. In this work, a theoretical calculation of the radiated near fields and their effect on the radiated fields from a large aperture PCA have been investigated. The carrier dynamics presented in this work include the effect of the near fields, interaction between electrons and holes and time-dependent development of polarization due to space charge. © 2017 IEEE.

World University root node

2017 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Numerical Electromagnetic and Multiphysics Modeling and Optimization for RF, Microwave, and Terahertz Applications, NEMO 2017

Effect of near fields on radiation from photoconductive antenna

This study reports the performance of 23 Electrical Distribution Divisions (EDD's) of an Indian state, Uttarakhand for the period of 2005-2006 using the concepts of Additive Model (AM), Slack Based Modelling (SBM) and Two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Slack Based Modelling helps in quantifying the slacks, which is a hidden source of inefficiency that might be present in BCC efficient DMU's. Following the slack quantification, a two-stage DEA is applied. The results obtained from AM and SBM indicate that numerous EDD's have scope for improvement in overall efficiency by incorporating the slacks that have been identified in the particular EDD. Further the two stage DEA modelling suggest that the inefficiency is primarily due to the intermediate measures. © 2016 IEEE.

International Conference on Electrical Power and Energy Systems, ICEPES 2016

Performance evaluation of uttarakhand electric utility data using slack based measure and two-stage DEA modelling

This paper presents a two stage solution methodology for deterministic unit commitment problem. In the first stage the ON/OFF status of units is determined by priority list method while in the second stage the economic load dispatch has been solved by Particle swarm optimization technique. The proposed technique is applied in MATLAB environment on two different cases comprising of four and ten generating units respectively. It is observed that for both the cases the overall production cost obtained through the proposed technique is better than the results reported thus far. © 2016 IEEE.

2016 IEEE Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Electronics Engineering, UPCON 2016

A two stage solution methodology for deterministic unit commitment problem

We present a high precision lumped parameter model for efficient prediction of the resonant frequencies and coupling of cantilevered piezoelectric energy harvesters in absence of tip mass. Correction factors for the existing lumped parameter model are derived by comparing with the highly accurate distributed parameter model of cantilevered harvesters. First, a correction factor is defined for uncoupled lumped parameter model to predict the natural frequencies. Finally, the coupled lumped parameter model is subjected to a unified correction factor to accurately predict both the resonant frequencies and electrical outputs. The unified correction factor is derived by unifying the frequency and amplitude correction factors. The calculated outputs are in good agreement with the experimental results available in the literature. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Sensors Journal

A High Precision Lumped Parameter Model for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters

This paper proposes an energy efficient instrumentation set-up for pulse-compression thermal-wave imaging with a low-power LED excitation source. The set-up consists of three different subsystems that are synchronised in time. The individual systems consist of a LED modulation circuitry, reference signal measurement circuitry, and an IR camera trigger signal generation circuitry for frame capture. A separate reference acquisition circuitry is useful in quantifying defect depth resolution. This paper also proposes a nonuniform frame capture technique to reduce the memory allocation space of the recorded video. The technique is based on varying the sampling rate with a change in instantaneous frequency and is specifically useful for frequency modulated excitation signal. The proposed technique is implemented on a carbon fiber reinforced polymer test-piece. The variation of pulse compression parameters with different defect dimension is studied, and the results are verified with an electro-thermal simulator. Further, an objective comparison of pulse compression experiment for different experiment duration is presented. © 2017 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

Applicability of LED-Based Excitation Source for Defect Depth Resolved Frequency Modulated Thermal Wave Imaging

This paper proposes a novel pulse compression algorithm, in the context of frequency modulated thermal wave imaging. The compression filter is derived from a predefined reference pixel in a recorded video, which contains direct measurement of the excitation signal alongside the thermal image of a test piece. The filter causes all the phases of the constituent frequencies to be adjusted to nearly zero value, so that on reconstruction a pulse is obtained. Further, due to band-limited nature of the excitation, signal-to-noise ratio is improved by suppressing out-of-band noise. The result is similar to that of a pulsed thermography experiment, although the peak power is drastically reduced. The algorithm is successfully demonstrated on mild steel and carbon fibre reference samples. Objective comparisons of the proposed pulse compression algorithm with the existing techniques are presented. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.

Infrared Physics and Technology

A novel pulse compression algorithm for frequency modulated active thermography using band-pass filter

Thermal wave imaging for defect detection is a relatively new concept. However, the technique is accepted widely, due to its fast testing speed, low cost. The present paper deals with the data processing part of images obtained from the lock-in experiments for defect detection. The SNR calculation forms an important part of lock-in experiments for quantitative study of defects at different depth. The results of SNR are based on the way a signal is defined. The algorithm followed for SNR calculation, thus is important. An algorithm for SNR calculation for defect quantification in lock-in thermal wave imaging is described here. © 2016 IEEE.

India International Conference on Information Processing, IICIP 2016 - Proceedings

Efficient SNR determination algorithm for lock-in thermogaphy defect detection and quantification

The research article presents the hardware chip design and FPGA implementation of the four-stage telecommunication switching system. The switching capacity of the exchange is increased with the implementation of the programmable multistage network. In multistage network, there are alternate paths to provide the availability of the network. The four-stage switching provides more capacity in comparison to three-stage switching. Modular design approach is used to build the large-scale network, which can be fabricated easily using VLSI technology. The design is carried for 8 × 8 switching network. The work is carried out in Xilinx ISE 14.2 software using VHDL programming language and synthesized on Vitex-5 FPGA. © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2017.

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

Four-stage telecommunication switching design and synthesis

Ramanujan Periodic Transform (RPT) is a newly emerging transformation technique in the field of signal processing. It uses an integer bases (obtained from Ramanujan sum) for transformation. A recorded ECG signal often contains artifacts (bioelectric signals) namely, baseline wander, muscle artifacts (EMG-Electromyogram), motion artifacts, powerline interference (PLI) and its harmonics. With certain precautions during signal recording we can avoid both muscle and motion artifacts. The other noises can be reduced by preprocessing of the recorded ECG signal. In this paper, RPT is used for preprocessing, to reduce baseline wander noise, PLI and its harmonics. The proposed methodology is tested on a record from MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database for different block sizes. A sum (E) of Euclidean errors per block (ei-ith block), is used as a measure to compare the results of RPT with notch filter technique. From the results, the RPT is reducing the noise with minimum error (E), when compared with notch filter technique. © 2016 IEEE.