Center for Environmental Sciences & Engineering

<p>Shiv Nadar University is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, research-focused, and student-centric University offering a full range of academic programs at the undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral level. With state-of-the-art infrastructure, the University comprises of academic wings, sophisticated labs, international standard sports facilities, amphitheaters, auditorium, conference rooms and smart classrooms. The University&rsquo;s goal is to become internationally recognized for the quality of its research and creative endeavors and their applicability to improving quality of life, generating new insights and expanding the boundaries of human knowledge creativity. Committed to excellence in teaching, research and service, the University aims to serve the higher education needs of India and the world beyond.</p>

Shiv Nadar University

Provides a checklist of micro-organisms associated with seeds of 63 tropical tree species including exotics and 13 temperate tree species. -from Authors

World University root node

Commonwealth Forestry Review

Seed pathology of forest tree species in India - present status, practical problems and future prospects

A dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot ELISA) was developed for diagnosis of glanders in equines. The test was based on the detection of IgG antibodies to Pseudomonas mallei antigens bound to nitrocellulose coated on plastic strips (dipsticks), the reaction being amplified by an avidinbiotin system with biotinylated anti-horse IgG and horseradish peroxidase-avidin D. Sera from 810 normal, six naturally infected and 48 sensitized equines were tested by this assay and results were compared with complement fixation, indirect haemagglutination and counter-immunoelectrophoresis tests. Dot ELISA had the highest sensitivity and was superior to other tests in that it was rapid and easy to perform, the results were easy to interpret, the assay was not influenced by anti-completement activity and it was able to detect antibodies at an early stage. Testing of serum at 1:200 dilution is proposed for epidemiological screening. {\textcopyright} 1990.

Veterinary Microbiology

Development of an avidin-biotin dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and its comparison with other serological tests for diagnosis of glanders in equines

In vitro germination of conidia of Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum Boedijn & Reitsma, a cause of leaf blight of Eucalyptus spp., began after 4.5 h of incubation and attained approx. 95 % within 8 h; germination was optimal at 25°C. Conidial germination on the intact leaves of 2‐month‐old E. grandis occurred after 3 h of incubation. Formation of appressorium over the epidermal cells was recorded first on the abaxial surface of leaves at 6 h and later on the adaxial surface. Formation of appressorium over the stomata was found only very rarely and most leaf penetrations occurred directly through epidermal cells. Copyright {\textcopyright} 1990, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

European Journal of Forest Pathology

Studies on conidial germination of Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum, causing leaf blight of Eucalyptus in India

Material und Organismen

Botryodiplodia theobromae associated with blue staining in commercially important timbers of Kerala and its possible biological control.

Proceedings First meeting of IUFRO Working party on Diseases and Insects in {\ldots}

Diseases and insects in forest nurseries in India and their management

Different seed rates (2.8, 5.6 and 7.0g m-2-1) affected significantly the seedling density as well as availability of prickable seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis from the seedbed nursery. Percentage of prickable seedlings in respect of seedling density decreased as the seed rate increased pattern of availability of number of seedlings at different time period being the same. As a part of the nursery management practices it is suggested to determine the seed rate for raising the nursery economically and ensuring healthy disease-free nursery stock.

Indian Forester

Effect of seed rate and seed viability on the number of prickable seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis

Details are given of causal organisms, occurrence and symptoms for 7 diseases of Eucalyptus spp. identified in a survey of plantations in Kerala conducted in 1982-85. The diseases were: (1) root rot caused by Cylindrocladium floridanum in a 9-month-old plantation of E. tereticornis; (2) root rot caused by Cylindrocarpon lucidum in a 5-yr-old plantation of E. grandis and a 1-2 yr old plantation of E. tereticornis; (3) wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum in 1- and 2-yr-old plantations of E. grandis; (4) stem canker caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae in 1-2 yr old plantations of E. grandis and E. tereticornis - control measures were also indicated; (5) stem canker caused by Cryphonectria cubensis in 2-, 3- and 5-yr-old plantations of E. grandis (and less commonly in E. tereticornis); (6) stem canker caused by Cryphonectria gyrosa in a 4-yr-old plantation of E. grandis and also in E. tereticornis, E. torelliana, E. deglupta and E. alba; and (7) stem canker caused by Valsa eucalypti in 1- to 4-yr-old plantations of E. grandis and E. torelliana.

Evergreen Trichur

Diseases of forest trees in Kerala. 4. Diseases of eucalypts in plantations

In Kerala, small-scale wood-based industries, such as packing case, plywood and match manufacture units, utilize a large quantity of wood from trees with soft wood. A preliminary survey of such industries in Trichur district showed that nearly all the species utilized (Hevea brasiliensis, Ailanthus triphysa, Bombax ceiba [B. malabaricum], Alstonia scholaris, Mangifera indica, Anacardium occidentale, Macaranga peltata and Erythrina stricta) were susceptible to sapstain fungi. Fungi such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Memnoniella, Mucor, Syncephalastrum and Absidia colonized the wood surface without penetrating deeply and imparted various colours to the surface. Species such as Botryodiplodia theobromae, Alternaria, Acremonium, Scytalidium, Fusarium and Ceratocystis stained both the surface and the deeper wood, with B. theobromae accounting for >50% of the sapstain observed. Preliminary work on biological control of sapstain fungi with a bacterium isolated from wood surface is mentioned.

Sapstain microorganisms associated with some commercially important timbers of Kerala

Botryodiplodia die-back of Albizia falcataria caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae is characterized by the development of a stem canker, gradual die-back of shoots and, finally, death of trees due to girdling of stems by progressing cankers. In pathogenicity tests of the isolate, only wound inoculation resulted in cankers similar to those observed in the field. Of the five plantations surveyed, die-back was recorded in four; the occurrence appeared to be closely associated with fire, debarking by animals and cultivation of tapioca (Manihot utilissima) amongst trees in plantations. During the 2 years' observation, the initial incidence of about 50% declined to 13-25% while the severity, initially medium, then remained low throughout. Regular observations in a plot with moderately severe infection indicated that the high incidence of die-back occurred during the dry-warm period, but during or just after the monsoon it declined as some of the affected trees recouped partially or completely with the overall incidence gradually declining from 94.3% in June 1983 to 69.8% in May 1985. However, the percentage of mortality of the affected trees increased from 8.3% to 30.3% during the same period. This is the first record of large-scale mortality of A. falcataria due to parasitism by B. theobromae. The paper discusses the management implications of Botryodiplodia die-back in Albizia plantations in Kerala. {\textcopyright} 1988.

Forest Ecology and Management

Incidence and severity of Botryodiplodia die-back in plantations of Albizia falcataria in Kerala, India

Relative susceptibility of 23 Eucalyptus provenances of 11 species to pink disease caused by Corticium salmonicolor was assessed in culture filtrates of two isolates (CS1 from E. tereticornis and CS2 from E. grandis) of the pathogen, employing cut-shoot bioassay. The results showed statistically significant variation in response among different provenances within a species. Cut shoots of eucalypus giving susceptible response were affected significantly by the culture of filtrates at low dilutions, whereas those giving resistant response tolerated high concentration with little damage to shoots. This evidence clearly indicated an interaction between the host and culture filtrates of the pathogen. The response of CS1 and CS2 culture filtrates gave statistically significant differences in their reactions on various eucalypts, possibly indicating that the isolates are of two different strains. The criticism of cut-shoot bioassay and its significance in laboratory screening of eucalypts to pink disease are discussed. {\textcopyright} 1988.