(SoE) School of Engineering

Shiv Nadar University is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, research-focused, and student-centric University offering a full range of academic programs at the undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral level. With state-of-the-art infrastructure, the University comprises of academic wings, sophisticated labs, international standard sports facilities, amphitheaters, auditorium, conference rooms and smart classrooms. The University&rsquo;s goal is to become internationally recognized for the quality of its research and creative endeavors and their applicability to improving quality of life, generating new insights and expanding the boundaries of human knowledge creativity. Committed to excellence in teaching, research and service, the University aims to serve the higher education needs of India and the world beyond.

Shiv Nadar University

Progress made by materials scientists in recent years has greatly helped the field of ultra-precision manufacturing. Ranging from healthcare to electronics components, phenomena such as twinning, dislocation nucleation, and high-pressure phase transformation have helped to exploit plasticity across a wide range of metallic and semiconductor materials. One current problem at the forefront of the healthcare sector that can benefit from these advances is that of bacterial infections in implanted prosthetic devices. The treatment of implant infections is often complicated by the growth of bacterial biofilms on implant surfaces, which form a barrier that effectively protects the infecting organisms from host immune defenses and exogenous antibiotics. Further surgery is usually required to disrupt the biofilm, or to remove the implant altogether to permit antibiotics to clear the infection, incurring considerable cost and healthcare burdens. In this review, we focus on elucidating aspects of bactericidal surfaces inspired by the biological world to inform the design of implant surface treatments that will suppress bacterial colonization. Alongside manufacturing and materials related challenges, the review identifies the most promising natural bactericidal surfaces and provides representative models of their structure, highlighting the importance of the critical slope presented by these surfaces. The scalable production of these complex hierarchical structures on freeform metallic implant surfaces has remained a scientific challenge to date and, as identified by this review, is one of the many 21st-century puzzles to be addressed by the field of applied physics. © 2021 Author(s).

World University root node

Mechanical Engineering

Fulltext

Applied Physics Reviews

Bactericidal surfaces: An emerging 21st-century ultra-precision manufacturing and materials puzzle

The high entropy alloys have become the most intensely researched materials in recent times. They offer the flexibility to choose a large array of metallic elements in the periodic table, a combination of which produces distinctive desirable properties that are not possible to be obtained by the pristine metals. Over the past decade, a myriad of publications has inundated the aspects of materials synthesis concerning HEA. Hitherto, the practice of HEA development has largely relied on a trial-and-error basis, and the hassles associate with this effort can be reduced by adopting a machine learning approach. This way, the “right first time” approach can be adopted to deterministically predict the right combination and composition of metallic elements to obtain the desired functional properties. This article reviews the latest advances in adopting machine learning approaches to predict and develop newer compositions of high entropy alloys. The review concludes by highlighting the newer applications areas that this accelerated development has enabled such that the HEA coatings can now potentially be used in several areas ranging from catalytic materials, electromagnetic shield protection and many other structural applications. © 2021, The Author(s).

Emergent Materials

Emergence of machine learning in the development of high entropy alloy and their prospects in advanced engineering applications

The term “nature-inspired” is associated with a sequence of efforts to understand, synthesize and imitate any natural object or phenomenon either in a tangible or intangible form, which allows us to obtain improved insights into nature. Such inspirations can come through materials, processes, or designs that we see around us. Materials, as opposed to processes and designs found in nature, are tangible and can readily be used without engineering efforts. One such example is that of an aquaporin that is used to filter water. The scope of this work in nature-inspired materials is to define, clarify, and consolidate our current understanding by reviewing examples from the laboratory to industrial scale to highlight emerging opportunities. A careful analysis of “nature-inspired materials” shows that they possess specific functionality that relies on our ability to harness particular electrical, mechanical, biological, chemical, sustainable, or combined gains. © 2021, The Author(s).

NPG Asia Materials

Nature-inspired materials: Emerging trends and prospects

Excess Al3+ ions are considered toxic to living organisms. Keeping the harmful effects of excess Al3+ metal ions in mind, a new Schiff base = functionalized silatrane as a potential chemo-sensor for the recognition of aluminium metal ions with high selectivity and specificity has been designed and well characterized using various characterization techniques such as IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, TGA, and mass spectroscopy. The chemo-sensing properties were studied using ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopy. The absorption spectrum of the synthesized receptor was changed only by the addition of Al3+ ions, while other ions showed negligible changes. The 1 : 1 stoichiometric ratio of the chemo-sensor 4b with Al3+ was confirmed by Job's plot and linearity in the B-H plot. The limit of detection observed for Al3+ ions was 2.273 × 10-7 M and 9.8 × 10-9 M from ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively. The binding constant from the B-H plot and the Stern-Volmer quenching constant were found to be 0.2279 × 106 M-1 and 2.7 × 106 M-1, respectively. These results explain the potential chemo-selectivity of the receptor 4b towards Al3+ metal ions, which may be useful for biological and industrial purposes. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.

Chemical Engineering

New Journal of Chemistry

Schiff base-functionalized silatrane-based receptor as a potential chemo-sensor for the detection of Al3+ions

The present article describes the synthesis of Schiff base-acetylene functionalized organosilatranes (6a–6e) and their characterization by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and ESI-QTOF mass spectrometry. The UV–visible study of the organosilatrane 6a unveiled their high selectivity towards the recognition of Zn2+ and Co2+ ions without exhibiting any significant interference from other competitive metal ions. The calculated value of association constant with 6a for Zn2+ and Co2+ ions was 0.11 × 106 M−1 and 0.24 × 106 M−1 and the limit of detection was 0.28 × 10−6 M and 0.82 × 10−6 M respectively. Furthermore, DFT calculations were performed to get an insight into the interacting behaviour of sensor 6a towards Zn2+ and Co2+ ions. © 2021

Inorganica Chimica Acta

Synthesis, characterization and UV–visible study of schiff base-acetylene functionalized organosilatrane receptor for the dual detection of Zn2+ and Co2+ ions

Location-based services refer to services that use location as primary input. But accessing user's location by an adversary invites issues of privacy breach. Instead of specific location coordinates, its surrounding area known as cloaking region is revealed in order to get the service. K anonymity technique of location privacy ensures that at least K-1 users should be included within a specific cloaked region. Researches have established that on combining K anonymity with the idea of including similar users together in a cloaked region provides stringent privacy (especially from background and heterogeneity attacks). This work quantifies the amount of privacy gain attained through, opting-for users with similar profiles instead of random users. The quantification is done by using KL divergence. Values of KL divergence of user profiles have been calculated for different cloaking regions containing similar and random users. Low KL divergence values depict privacy gains up to 33% for users with similar profiles. © 2021 IGI Global. All rights reserved.

Computer Science and Engineering

International Journal of Information Security and Privacy

Entropy-based quantification of privacy attained through user profile similarity

Hydro machinery components such as turbines, pipes, guide vanes, and pumps suffer from severe slurry erosion caused by the abrasive particles entrained in working fluid. In the current work, an array of systematic slurry erosion tests were executed to study the influence of impact angle on slurry erosion rates of Ni-SiC based composite claddings developed on SS 316&nbsp;L through microwave hybrid heating. Various microstructural and mechanical characterizations such as micro and nano-indentation, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed on the developed claddings. The claddings contain 5&nbsp;wt.\% of SiC particles of different size fractions from nano to micro (unimodal) and combination of both in the matrix (bimodal). Slurry erosion studies were performed on the developed claddings at different impingement angles. The claddings exhibited good metallurgical bonding with the substrate without any pores throughout. The developed claddings exhibited high hardness and elastic modulus compared to the substrate material. A significant improvement in the erosion resistance of the claddings was observed with the addition of bimodal sized SiC secondary particles. The enhanced erosion resistance of the claddings could be attributed to the higher fracture toughness and hardness of the developed coating. Among the developed coatings, the bimodal sample with 5\% SiC claddings showed at least two times better erosion resistance than hydro-turbine steel at almost all the impact angles. SEM studies performed on the eroded samples showed micro-cutting and plowing as the main modes of material removal at lower impact angles. © 2021, Springer Nature B.V.

Silicon

Slurry Erosion Resistance of Microwave Derived Ni-SiC Composite Claddings

With the advent of rapid advancements in the energy storage technologies and in harnessing the renewable resources, a variety of mix of “Problem formulation techniques” and “Solution methodologies” have emerged for scheduling the power generation in Grid integrated environment. Multiple constituent attributes and their combinations thereof define the nature of Unit Commitment problem formulation in a complex way. An attempt has been made in this paper to consolidate the available research efforts, spanning over about past two decades, so as to unravel the rising complexities in developing the unit commitment formulation in this rapidly evolving green energy era. The prevailing unit commitment models have been thoroughly reviewed on the bases of deployment of different combinations of features like objective functions, constraints, optimization techniques, types of renewable generation, and types of storage. This review work presents, in a categorized manner, the viewpoints on problem formulation as well as on the solution methodologies. Further, a novel Unit Commitment model has been proposed by the authors wherein modeling details of each of them have been presented in a conscientious manner. The proposed model is unique as the battery charge/ discharge decision making has been included as a co-optimization problem with the existing Unit Commitment problem. The superiority of the proposed model has also been reported. © 2021 John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd

Electrical Engineering

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems

Unit commitment problem in renewable integrated environment with storage: A review

In present article, we have fabricated micro/nano hierarchical structured aluminium surfaces with a vivid range of wettability and controllable adhesion using a facile and environment-friendly approach. The micropatterned surfaces show hydrophobicity with high adhesion due to impregnated wetting state, analogous to rose petal effect. Interestingly, the micro/nano hierarchical structured surfaces become superhydrophilic due to formation of aluminium oxide and hydroxide nanoflakes. After fluorination, these surfaces become superhydrophobic with a very low contact angle hysteresis. They also exhibit a very high chemical and thermal stability along with excellent self-cleaning capability. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Physics

(SoNS) School of Natural Sciences

Materials Letters

Structured aluminium surfaces with tunable wettability fabricated by a green approach

The piezoelectric impedance transducer is widely used for damage detection and identification of civil/mechanical infrastructure using the electro-mechanical impedance technique, in which structural equivalent impedance is derived from the piezoelectric coupled admittance signatures of the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) patches bonded to the structure via adhesive bond. In Piezo-elastodynamic model, the bonding layer has significantly altered the overall performance of the electro-mechanical admittance signature. This paper presents the evaluation and detection of structural damage using continuous shear lag model. A three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FE) has developed to find the effective point-driven impedance, which further integrate into continuum shear lag model to obtain the piezoelectric coupled signature. The continuum-based signatures for different damage model were compared with existing impedance-based shear lag model to highlight the efficiency and accuracy of continuum model towards damage detection process. The simulated signatures were compared with experimental signature, found satisfactory matching. From this study, it has found the continuum strain has more sensitive towards different damage levels in the host structure. © 2021, Krishtel eMaging Solutions Private Limited.