(SoE) School of Engineering

<p>Shiv Nadar University is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, research-focused, and student-centric University offering a full range of academic programs at the undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral level. With state-of-the-art infrastructure, the University comprises of academic wings, sophisticated labs, international standard sports facilities, amphitheaters, auditorium, conference rooms and smart classrooms. The University&rsquo;s goal is to become internationally recognized for the quality of its research and creative endeavors and their applicability to improving quality of life, generating new insights and expanding the boundaries of human knowledge creativity. Committed to excellence in teaching, research and service, the University aims to serve the higher education needs of India and the world beyond.</p>

Shiv Nadar University

This paper proposes a novel pulse compression algorithm, in the context of frequency modulated thermal wave imaging. The compression filter is derived from a predefined reference pixel in a recorded video, which contains direct measurement of the excitation signal alongside the thermal image of a test piece. The filter causes all the phases of the constituent frequencies to be adjusted to nearly zero value, so that on reconstruction a pulse is obtained. Further, due to band-limited nature of the excitation, signal-to-noise ratio is improved by suppressing out-of-band noise. The result is similar to that of a pulsed thermography experiment, although the peak power is drastically reduced. The algorithm is successfully demonstrated on mild steel and carbon fibre reference samples. Objective comparisons of the proposed pulse compression algorithm with the existing techniques are presented. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.

World University root node

Electrical Engineering

Infrared Physics and Technology

A novel pulse compression algorithm for frequency modulated active thermography using band-pass filter

Thermal wave imaging for defect detection is a relatively new concept. However, the technique is accepted widely, due to its fast testing speed, low cost. The present paper deals with the data processing part of images obtained from the lock-in experiments for defect detection. The SNR calculation forms an important part of lock-in experiments for quantitative study of defects at different depth. The results of SNR are based on the way a signal is defined. The algorithm followed for SNR calculation, thus is important. An algorithm for SNR calculation for defect quantification in lock-in thermal wave imaging is described here. © 2016 IEEE.

India International Conference on Information Processing, IICIP 2016 - Proceedings

Efficient SNR determination algorithm for lock-in thermogaphy defect detection and quantification

A general relation between adhesion and friction was elusive. This was partly due to the limitations in experimentally configuring the wide variety of geometrical and chemical cues encountered at a sliding contact. We study the combined influence of capillary and van der Waals forces on the correlation between the adhesion (pull-off force) and friction of polymer patterns. We report the existence of master curves in plot of adhesion versus friction, spanning nearly two orders of magnitude, characteristic of the effective lateral contact stiffness of the contact determined by geometry and capillary forces. Further, we showed how nanocylindrical patterns, micropatterns and PTFE-coated PMMA flat surfaces subjected to varying capillary forces displayed similar sliding characteristics despite their large differences in contact characteristics. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Mechanical Engineering

Tribology International

Effect of capillary forces on the correlation between nanoscale adhesion and friction of polymer patterned surfaces

The research article presents the hardware chip design and FPGA implementation of the four-stage telecommunication switching system. The switching capacity of the exchange is increased with the implementation of the programmable multistage network. In multistage network, there are alternate paths to provide the availability of the network. The four-stage switching provides more capacity in comparison to three-stage switching. Modular design approach is used to build the large-scale network, which can be fabricated easily using VLSI technology. The design is carried for 8 × 8 switching network. The work is carried out in Xilinx ISE 14.2 software using VHDL programming language and synthesized on Vitex-5 FPGA. © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2017.

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

Four-stage telecommunication switching design and synthesis

This communication offers an investigation of photovoltaic thermal integrated greenhouse system (PVTIGS) for heating of slurry in potable biogas plant developed at IIT Delhi, India. The energy through biomass is one of the renewable and clean energy which is generated with the help of organic raw materials (such as animal dung, vegetable waste, and tree leaves) through anaerobic process. PVTIGS may utilized for different applications like making electricity, enhancing the slurry temperature (resulting in improved production of biogas), crop cultivation and cooking etc. Thermal modelling of the newly developed system (PVTIGS) with load condition has been derived. Different parameters of PVTIGS have been calculated namely, solar cell temperature, slurry temperature, greenhouse room temperature and biogas plant wall temperature with the help of thermal modelling. Further, theoretical values has been compared with experimental values. Correlation coefficient (r) and root mean square percentage deviation (e) found to be 0.93, 5.25; 0.97, 4.2; 0.98, 3.35 and 0.85, 8.07 for greenhouse room, flow air, biogas chamber and slurry temperature respectively. During sunshine hours (7 AM to 6 PM) and off sunshine hours (6 PM to 7 AM), the average temperature difference between slurry and ambient air temperature are 3.93 °C and 6.74 °C. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Solar Energy

Thermal analysis of photovoltaic thermal integrated greenhouse system (PVTIGS) for heating of slurry in potable biogas plant: An experimental study

In the present communication, a hybrid mixed mode greenhouse solar dryer, integrated with partially covered number of photovoltaic thermal (N-PVT) solar air collectors has been proposed for drying and different performance parameters are evaluated for the climatic conditions of New Delhi, India. Thermal modelling has been done for the drying system and analytical expressions for different parameters such as crop temperature, greenhouse temperature, outlet air temperature of collector and cell temperature have been obtained. The set of governing equations has been solved with the help of MATLAB 2013a. Further, the effect of mass flow rate and variation of number of air collectors on thermal energy, electrical energy, equivalent thermal energy, thermal exergy efficiency and overall thermal efficiency have been calculated. It was found that with variation of number of air collectors from 1 to 5, equivalent thermal energy, equivalent thermal efficiency and equivalent exergy efficiency changes from 3.24 to 10.57 kWh/day, 61.56%–42.22% and 28.96%–19.11% respectively. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd

Energy

Energy and exergy analysis of a mixed-mode greenhouse-type solar dryer, integrated with partially covered N-PVT air collector

In the paper, an attempt has taken to analyze the energy of N photovoltaic thermal (PVT)-compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) water collectors connected in series. The analysis has been examined for cold climate condition where high fossil fuels are need to get thermal energy. Two fluids has been considered: (i) water and (ii) air. The comparison has been made with two different fluids on partially covered N photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) collector connected in series. Here, the collector of proposed system is partially covered with 25% of PV module. The thermal modelling has been developed with basic energy balance equation of each component of proposed system. The outlet at Nth of partially covered Photovoltaic thermal (PVT)-compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) collectors has been obtained. The expression of analytical temperature dependent electrical efficiency of proposed system has been derived. The analysis has been carried out for clear day condition in month of January at Srinagar, India. The maximum thermal energy has been found 12.92 kWh and 3.72 kWh per day for fluid: water and air respectively and thermal exergy has been found 1.63 kWh and 0.55 kWh per day with eight number of collector. © 2016 IEEE.

2nd IEEE International Conference on Innovative Applications of Computational Intelligence on Power, Energy and Controls with their Impact on Humanity, CIPECH 2016

Energy performance of partially covered N photovoltaic thermal-compound parabolic concentrator (PVT-CPC) collector for cold climate condition

{\textcopyright} 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers. Hydrological processes such as evaporation and evapotranspiration (ET) are affected by air humidity. Air humidity is commonly expressed as relative humidity (RH) or dew point temperature (Tdew) and is required for the determination of evaporation from water or soil surfaces and ET from cropped areas. However, the availability of humidity data is sometimes an issue. In cases in which RH data are not available, air humidity on a daily basis can be estimated by using daily maximum and minimum temperatures along with the dew point temperature. Guidelines from an international organization recommend the use of a dew point temperature slightly less than the daily minimum temperature for daily computations, when its measurements are not available. In this study, the daily average dew point temperature (Tdewmean) was taken as k°C less than the daily minimum temperature. Thus, daily RH data (maximum, minimum and mean RH) were generated from daily maximum and minimum temperatures for Roorkee Station (India) during 2012-2016. Four different values of k (k = 0, 1, 2, 3) were used for determining the actual vapor pressure values used in RH estimation. Daily RH values determined using different values of k were compared with observed RH data. It was observed that for the nonsummer months, having an average value of daily mean RH greater than 60% (January-March and July-December), k = 0 resulted in minimum error in RH estimation. However, during the summer months, having an average value of daily mean RH less than 60% (April-June), k = 3 provided relatively better estimates of RH. During the summer months, large errors occurred in the estimation of maximum and minimum RH values using this approach; hence, mean RH values that are relatively better estimated during these periods should be used for hydrological applications. Further, linear Tdew-RH relationships (with and without parabolic correction) have been assessed to determine daily Tdewmeanvalues. These relationships have been found to provide more accurate estimates of Tdewmean and actual vapor pressure on a daily basis than the FAO-56 vapor pressure models when only daily RHmean data are available (instead of RHmax and RHmindata) along with daily temperature data.

Civil Engineering

Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

Estimation of Relative Humidity and Dew Point Temperature Using Limited Meteorological Data

Ramanujan Periodic Transform (RPT) is a newly emerging transformation technique in the field of signal processing. It uses an integer bases (obtained from Ramanujan sum) for transformation. A recorded ECG signal often contains artifacts (bioelectric signals) namely, baseline wander, muscle artifacts (EMG-Electromyogram), motion artifacts, powerline interference (PLI) and its harmonics. With certain precautions during signal recording we can avoid both muscle and motion artifacts. The other noises can be reduced by preprocessing of the recorded ECG signal. In this paper, RPT is used for preprocessing, to reduce baseline wander noise, PLI and its harmonics. The proposed methodology is tested on a record from MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database for different block sizes. A sum (E) of Euclidean errors per block (ei-ith block), is used as a measure to compare the results of RPT with notch filter technique. From the results, the RPT is reducing the noise with minimum error (E), when compared with notch filter technique. © 2016 IEEE.

2016 IEEE Annual India Conference, INDICON 2016

Joint reduction of baseline wander, PLI and its harmonics in ECG signal using Ramanujan Periodic Transform

Ramanujan Periodic Transform (RPT) is the newly emerging transform to identify periodicities in the given data. RPT represents the given finite length sequence into a weighted linear combination of signals from Ramanujan subspaces. RPT has the inability of handling the frequency components with in the Ramanujan subspace. This is due to the basis function (Ramanujan sum) used in RPT. To overcome this, a new mixed basis representation is proposed which uses both the sequences from Ramanujan subspace and complex exponentials as basis and both the basis are orthogonal to each other. Using this mixed basis representation, the problem of removing Power Line Interference (PLI) in ECG data is addressed. The methodology is tested on the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia database and the obtained results are competitive when compared with other techniques. © 2017 IEEE.