Header menu link for other important links
X
Spatio-seasonal concentrations, source apportionment and assessment of associated human health risks of pm2.5-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in delhi, india
Yadav A., , Nagar P.K., Sharma M.
Published in AAGR Aerosol and Air Quality Research
2020
Volume: 20
   
Issue: 12
Pages: 2805 - 2825
Abstract
To characterize the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 (particles with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm) in Delhi, the national capital of India and one of the most polluted megacities in the world, we conducted a comprehensive field campaign at six sampling sites in different areas during winter and summer. Both the PM2.5 and PAH concentrations exhibited seasonal variations, with higher values during winter (356 ± 136 µg m–3 and 75.1 ± 50.2 ng m–3 for the PM2.5 and PAHs, respectively) than summer (268 ± 94 µg m–3 and 10.4 ± 8.5 ng m–3, respectively). Additionally, the maximum winter concentrations were found in the urban industrial-cum-residential area (430 ± 104 µg m–3 and 124.5 ± 70.7 ng m–3 for the PM2.5 and PAHs, respectively). Among the PAHs, benzo[ghi]perylene displayed the highest ambient concentration (14.3 ± 7.4 ng m–3 during winter), followed by indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (13.1 ± 7.3 ng m–3 during winter), at the majority of the sampling sites. Additionally, based on the benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent concentrations at the six sites, we estimated the PAH-associated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) in the entire study area to be 423 per 1 million persons, which exceeds the World Health Organization (WHO) limit. Source apportionment performed with the Chemical Mass Balance Model version 8.2 (CMB8.2) revealed that emissions from vehicles, municipal waste burning and biomass burning contributed 62\%, 15\% and 11\% to the total PAH mass, respectively. Our results indicate that PM2.5-bound PAHs in Delhi will continue to pose serious health risks without collective initiatives for pollution control from scientific, policy-making and regulatory bodies. ©The Author(s).
About the journal
Published in AAGR Aerosol and Air Quality Research
Open Access
yes
Impact factor
N/A