Worldwide, solid waste disposal is a serious problem rising day by day with the increase in population. Open dumping and incineration is a common practice for municipal solid waste disposal in India and other developing countries. This practice raises the acute pollution problem as well as a health risk. There is an urgent need for sustainable techniques to address this problem to generate a minimal impact on the environment. There are many sustainable methods for solid waste management, viz., sanitary landfilling, composting, vermicomposting, anaerobic digestions, and ethanol production. Among all the microbes and biological agents are playing a very important role. This chapter presents a detailed review of solid waste management and sustainable solution to this problem with the help of microbes and biological agent. © 2021 Scrivener Publishing LLC.