The origin of ferromagnetism in a metastable phase rather than by carrier-induced interaction between separated Mn atoms in ZnO in a low-temperature-processed MnO2-ZnO system was demonstrated. It was observed that the ferromagnetism persists up to ∼980 K. It was shown that a uniform solution of Mn in ZnO does not form under low-temperature processing. The direct low-temperature film growth of Zn-incorporated Mn oxide shows ferromagnetism at low Zn concentration for an optimum oxygen growth pressure.

Sankar Dhar

Physics

(SoNS) School of Natural Sciences

D.C. Kundaliya

S.B. Ogale

S.E. Lofland

C.J. Metting

S.R. Shinde

Z. Ma

B. Varughese

K.V. Ramanujachary

L. Salamanca-Riba

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Shiv Nadar University

Nature Materials

On the origin of high-temperature ferromagnetism in the low-temperature-processed Mn-Zn-O system